tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13039480717010080612024-02-20T06:41:41.921-08:00Postgraduate essay writingWhat Are Good Topics To Talk About When Writing A Paper Over DementiaIan Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.comBlogger157125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-33591432854547855862020-08-23T01:09:00.001-07:002020-08-23T01:09:31.578-07:00Chinese Empress Si Ling-Chi Discovered How to Make SilkChinese Empress Si Ling-Chi Discovered How to Make Silk Around 2700-2640 B.C.E., the Chinese started making silk. As indicated by Chinese convention, the part-amazing head, Huang Di (then again Wu-di or Huang Ti) designed the strategies for raising silkworms and turning silk string. Huang Di, the Yellow Emperor, is likewise credited as the author of the Chinese country, maker of humankind, originator of strict Taoism, maker of composing, and designer of the compass and the stoneware wheel all establishments of culture in antiquated China. A similar convention credits not Huang Di, yet his better half Si Ling-Chi (otherwise called Xilingshi or Lei-tzu), with finding silk-production itself, and furthermore the meshing of silk string into texture. One legend guarantees that Xilingshi was in her nursery when she picked a few casings from a mulberry tree and inadvertently dropped one into her hot tea. At the point when she hauled it out, she discovered it loosened up into one long fiber. At that point her better half based on this disclosure, and created strategies for taming the silkworm and delivering silk string from the fibers forms that the Chinese had the option to leave well enough alone from the remainder of the world for over 2,000 years, making an imposing business model on silk texture creation. This imposing business model prompted a worthwhile exchange silk texture. The Silk Road is so named in light of the fact that it was the exchanging course from China to Rome, where silk material was one of the key exchange things. Breaking the Silk Monopoly Be that as it may, another lady assisted with breaking the silk syndication. Around 400 C.E., another Chinese princess, on her approach to be hitched to a sovereign in India, is said to have carried some mulberry seeds and silkworm eggs in her hood, permitting silk creation in her new country. She needed, the legend says, to have silk texture effectively accessible in her new land. It was then just a couple of more hundreds of years until the insider facts had been uncovered to Byzantium, and in one more century, silk creation started in France, Spain, and Italy. In another legend, told by Procopius, priests carried Chinese silkworms to the Roman Empire. This broke the Chinese syndication on silk creation. Woman of the Silkworm For her revelation of the silk-production process, the previous ruler is known asà Xilingshi orà Si Ling-chi, or Lady of the Silkworm, and is frequently distinguished as a goddess of silk-production. The Facts The silkworm is a local to northern China.à It is the hatchling, or caterpillar, phase of a fluffy moth (Bombyx). These caterpillars feed on mulberry leaves.à In turning a casing to encase itself for its change, the silkworm radiates a string from its mouth and winds this around its body.à Some of these covers are protected by the silk cultivators to create new eggs and new hatchling and in this manner more cocoons.à Most are boiled.à The procedure of bubbling relaxes the string and slaughters the silkworm/moth.à The silk rancher loosens up the string, regularly in a solitary extremely long bit of around 300 to around 800 meters or yards, and winds it onto a spool.à Then the silk string is woven into a texture, a warm and delicate cloth.à The material takes colors of numerous hues including brilliant hues.à The fabric is frequently woven with at least two strings wound together for versatility and quality. Archeologists recommend that the Chinese were making silk fabric in the Longshan time frame, 3500 - à 2000 BCE. Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-37409843849141609512020-08-22T23:00:00.001-07:002020-08-22T23:00:26.994-07:00Brief History of Computer Essay Example for FreeBrief History of Computer Essay ?First programmable PC: The Z1 initially made by Germanys Konrad Zuse in his folks parlor in 1936 to 1938 is viewed as the primary electrical double programmable PC. The main computerized PC: Short for Atanasoff-Berry Computer, the ABC began being created by Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate understudy Cliff Berry in 1937 and kept on being created until 1942 at the Iowa State College (presently Iowa State University). On October 19, 1973, US Federal Judge Earl R. Larson marked his choice that the ENIAC patent by Eckert and Mauchly was invalid and named Atanasoff the creator of the electronic advanced PC. The ENIAC was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania and started development in 1943 and was not finished until 1946. It involved around 1,800 square feet and utilized around 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighing very nearly 50 tons. In spite of the fact that the Judge decided that the ABC PC was the main computerized PC many despite everything believe the ENIAC to be the primary advanced PC. As a result of the Judge administering and in light of the fact that the case was never claimed like most we believe the ABC to be the principal computerized PC. Be that as it may, in light of the fact that the ABC was never completely practical we consider the principal useful advanced PC to be the ENIAC. The first put away program PC: The early British PC known as the EDSAC is viewed as the first put away program electronic PC. The PC played out its first computation on May 6, 1949 and was the PC that ran the main graphical PC game. The main PC: In 1975 Ed Roberts begat the term PC when he presented the Altair 8800. In spite of the fact that the main PC is viewed as the Kenback-1, which was first presented for $750 in 1971. The PC depended on a progression of switches for contributing information and yield information by killing on and a progression of lights. The Micral is viewed as the principal business non-get together PC. The PC utilized the Intel 8008 processor and sold for $1,750 in 1973. The principal workstation: Albeit never sold the main workstation is viewed as the Xerox Alto, presented in 1974. The PC was progressive for its time and incorporated a completely utilitarian PC, show, and mouse. The PC worked like numerous PCs today using windows, menus and symbols as an interface to its working framework. The principal PC or compact PC: The primary versatile PC or PC is viewed as the Osborne I, a convenient PC created by Adam Osborne that gauged 24 pounds, a 5-inch show, 64 KB of memory, two 5 1/4 floppy drives, and a modem. Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-56235452605836202092020-08-21T22:51:00.001-07:002020-08-21T22:51:24.985-07:00Reflection on Buddhism and Ones Life Essay ExampleReflection on Buddhism and Ones Life Essay Name: Teacher: Course: Date: We will compose a custom paper test on Reflection on Buddhism and Ones Life explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Reflection on Buddhism and Ones Life explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Reflection on Buddhism and Ones Life explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Reflection on Buddhism and oneââ¬â¢s life The puzzle in all Buddhism supporters returns us to the absolute starting point, which is at the origination of Buddha. Buddhaââ¬â¢s mother, Maya had a fantasy that gave her that a creature as a trinket and with six tusks had entered her belly. Subsequent to talking with her divine beings, (Das, 11) she discovered that the trinket represented incredible insight, and steadfast force, and she would before long bear an amazing kid. Her pregnancy developed, and not at all like other ladies, she didn't encounter torments during work. Newborn child she conceived an offspring while at the same time standing. This really exhibited this youngster was one of a kind. After the introduction of the kid, it was additionally understood that he was additional standard since as a newborn child he was a similar size as a six-month-old infant. He likewise had thirty-two signs of an extraordinary man. Typically these implied the kid would either be an incredible ruler administering quarter of the wor ld or a Buddha. The youngster was then named Siddhartha that delineated ââ¬Ëhe whose object is accomplishedââ¬â¢. Tragically, seven days after his introduction to the world his mom kicked the bucket and her sister took over in raising the kid. The kid experienced childhood in a regal family and had all he wanted at the imprisonment of the royal residence. After this, the four experiences, which are otherwise called the honorable truth, came to being (Wilkinson, et al, 25). Once when Siddhartha was riding his chariots outside the royal residence, he saw an evil man and a carcass being conveyed by grievers. The site damaged him and promptly he needed to venture out from home to turned into a plain, and spurn majesty. At the point when Siddhartha was right around thirty years old and seven days away to being delegated as the following ruler, he made arrangements of his break. At that point, he had just gotten his first child. It was hard for him to leave, yet he had just chosen. He figured out how to escape without anybody seeing with the assistance of shallow forces. The initial six years subsequent to leaving, he went through with two renowned religious zealots, attempting to get familiar with their framework to get an enduring answer for human anguish. Be that as it may, he didn't feel like he achieved his crucial, he further joined an organization of five different religious zealots for all the more learning. He despite everything didn't get the fulfillment he seeked. One day when he was loose, he thought once more into his childhood and sunk into a quiet and tranquil state by allowing his brain to mind. He understood that his sentiment of harmony was the one thing he had been looking for (Nhat, Ha?nh, 50). This is the place the Buddhist intervention hypothesis appeared prompting the suspensions, which are known as four respectable certainties The principal respectable truth expressed that life is loaded with anguish and henceforth sooner or later in life everybody gets the chance to encounter enduring (Bstan-?dzin-rgya-mtsho, 23). The second respectable explanation was that enduring is brought about by connections. This implied the connections we tie ourselves with that cause languishing. For example, on the off chance that we tie ourselves with outrage and numbness, enduring will clearly tail us. Thirdly, the respectable truth expressed that deserting our connections carries discharge to torment. This unmistakably instructs us that in the event that we figure out how to relinquish ties, for example, agony and outrage, we can accomplish harmony, which consequently lessens enduring (Novak, Philip, 69). At last, the last respectable truth discloses to us that we can discharge ties by rehearsing the eight crease ways which comprises of, right conclusion, right intension, right lead, right exertion, right fixation, right disc ourse, right business and right care This specific Zen Koan is fairly intriguing as it demonstrates to us that care is especially significant (Huikai, 62). It expresses that on a breezy day, two men were contending about a shaking pennant. The first stated, ââ¬Å"The flag is moving and not the windâ⬠. While the second said that, the breeze was moving and not the standard. A third individual happened to pass by and articulated to them that it was neither the breeze nor the standard that was moving however the brains of the two men. To abstain from enduring one ought to see to carry on with an actual existence loaded up with great ethics, magnanimous conduct, intercession, diligence and in particular keep the four honorable facts on the most fundamental level. Work refered to Bstan-?dzin-rgya-mtsho. The Four Noble Truths. New York: Mystic Fire Audio, 1997. Sound chronicle. Das, Gupta S. Buddhism, Reflection on Religious Conversion. New Delhi, India: Cyber Tech Publications, 2010. Print. Gard, Richard A. Buddhism. New York: G. Braziller, 1961. Print. Gethin, Rupert. The Foundations of Buddhism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Web asset. Hirota, Dennis. Toward a Contemporary Understanding of Pure Land Buddhism: Creating a Shin Buddhist Theology in a Religiously Plural World. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press, 2000. Web asset. Huikai, and Thomas F. Cleary. No Barrier: Unlocking the Zen Koan : a New Translation of the Zen Classic Wumenguan (mumonkan). New York: Bantam Books, 1993. Print. Humphreys, Christmas. Buddhism. London: Cassell, 1962. Print.. Nhat, Ha?nh. The Heart of the Buddhaââ¬â¢s Teaching: Transforming Suffering into Peace, Joy Liberation : the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path, and Other Basic Buddhist Teachings. New York: Broadway Books, 1999. Print. Novak, Philip. The Worldââ¬â¢s Wisdom: Sacred Texts of the Worldââ¬â¢s Religions. San Francisco, Calif.: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994. Print. Wilkinson, Philip, and Steve Teague. Buddhism. New York: DK Pub, 2003. Print Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-37549385793767385292020-08-21T20:42:00.001-07:002020-08-21T20:42:05.403-07:00Capital Punishment :: essays research papersThere are five fundamental reasons that society utilizes while forcing the ââ¬Å"punishmentâ⬠that Iââ¬â¢ve had the option to finish up from my readings. I will talk about these cultural ideas and show that capital punishment doesn't serve to encourage them. Discouragement à à à à à Deterrence is fundamentally characterized as ââ¬Å"the discipline should fit the crime.â⬠Under this idea, the individual carrying out the wrongdoing and society are kept from perpetrating this activity once more. On account of capital punishment, an individual slaughters another human and he is ââ¬Å"punishedâ⬠for it by death. Discipline should be an impermanent punishment for an illegitimate activity. Demise is a long way from impermanent. One is to gain from oneââ¬â¢s mix-ups. In what capacity can the individual learn in the event that they are paying for their slip-ups with their life? By forcing capital punishment the individual doesn't gain from their slip-ups and neither does society. Economy à à à à à Under this idea, discipline ought to be practical. There are explicit expenses related with keeping a prisoner waiting for capital punishment, for example, uncommonly constructed jail obstructs, the requirement for greatest security, and costing the courts a lot of cash through many, numerous interests. These expenses unmistakably out gauge the regualr costs brought about to house a standard detainee. Discouragement is obviously not served by forcing capital punishment. Compensation à à à à à Society requests that the discipline should fix the mischief it has done. By condemning an individual to death no damage has been fixed. You can not bring the killed individual back by taking the prisonerââ¬â¢s life. Discipline isn't expected to retribution, counterbalance, or make up for the casualties enduring or to be estimated by it. Revenge The people group requests that equity be served. Would equity not similarly be served and in certainty might be ideally serviced by life detainment? I accept tit would be a more terrible discipline to experience a lifelong incarceration in jail. The individual is denied of freedom. He will at that point endure and live an incredible remainder inside three forlorn dividers and a lot of bars. Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-32577763945138185902020-07-09T23:47:00.001-07:002020-07-09T23:47:02.127-07:00The Importance of Explaining Your Topic With an Explanatory EssayThe Importance of Explaining Your Topic With an Explanatory EssayExplaining your topic with an explanatory essay is a lot easier than talking in class. An interesting way to get your point across without the embarrassment of not having an idea of what you are talking about.When you explain your topic in this manner, you can include information that is critical to understanding your topic. In doing so you are helping your reader to understand your topic even if you do not quite have the precise information as to why you are writing an explanatory essay. This will assist your reader to learn more about the topic that you are trying to explain in the article that you are writing.A good illustration of this is if you were teaching high school students how to design word documents. You might want to explain how tables are used in designing word documents. Instead of a simple introduction to the topic, or simple example, you could write about tables and how you can help a reader to gain a better understanding of the topic.When you are writing an essay on a specific topic, there are often certain words or phrases that you will want to use that are not appropriate to other topics that you might be writing about. You will want to avoid using words or phrases that do not fit with the topic. When you explain a topic in this manner, you are showing the reader how the topic fits with the rest of the topics that you have written about.Even though it may seem silly at first, your topic might not allude to all the topics that you have written about. It would be necessary to explain how one topic relates to another. This helps the reader to understand your subject, because they are seeing what you were talking about and what you meant by what you wrote.The importance of making sure your topic is easy to understand, even if you did not get every aspect of the topic, is that when you are writing an explanatory essay it is important to try to bring the reader to the end of your ar ticle. If your topic is not easy to understand you may have lost their interest.To get this information across to your readers, simply having this strategy in mind, which is to explain your topic in this manner, is a wonderful way to do this. There are a variety of other ways that you can help you explain your topic, but why settle for less when you can get more for your writing? Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-82227112138519632552020-06-30T10:54:00.001-07:002020-06-30T10:54:04.885-07:00Comic Cruelty in Twelfth Night - Literature Essay Samples In a Shakespearean comic setting where chaos, asininity, and insolence reign, the very qualities of comic irreverence become virtues. A comic hero or side character who relentlessly pranks stooges and straight men for the audiences enjoyment is likely to win the viewers appreciation. Yet it is not just the straight mans suffering or even the comic effect itself which drives this audience reaction. Rather, the classic traits of charm, guile, wit, and stark honesty with which Shakespeares jesters and pranksters are all more or less infused come to the fore as eminent values in his several of his plays. One non-comic example: King Lears Fool, whose antics serve a didactic purpose for the guileless Lear, is maltreated for his insolence and forthrightness, yet is ultimately vindicated when his foreboding proves correct.In the ensemble of Twelfth Night, the boisterously comic characters of Feste, a protected fool, and Sir Toby, an playful alcoholic, embody these traits as their general m ischief both succeeds to great comic effect and ultimately goes unpunished. These two men thus enjoy a great license, one which appears to mirror the atmosphere of freedom that characterized the historic Twelfth Night holiday: drunkenness, merrymaking, and a reversal of rank and order. Sir Toby, ostensibly a nobleman, acts like a churl throughout the play. Similarly Feste, who secures his license as a fool at the plays outset, frequently taunts and speaks frankly to those above his own servile rank.On the opposite end of this reversal is the diligent steward Malvolio, a stern Puritan who is characterized entirely by his humorless demeanor. His name appears to be a derivative of Latin malus, bad/mean, and velle, an irregular verb meaning to desire/will (compare with other descriptive names Feste, Belch and Aguecheek). Malvolio desires to advance his rank to a County by marrying his master Olivia, for whom he, like several other male characters in the play, pines away. The victim of a prank by Sir Toby and the fool, Malvolio believes over the course of the play that he has at last an opportunity to secure Olivias love, only to be cruelly humiliated before the audience and the rest of the cast.Malvolio enters in Act I, scene v, where Feste, who apparently had been impermissibly absent from the household for some time, uses his wit to convince the still-mourning Olivia not to fire him. Instead of flattering Olivia, as many of her suitors attempt to do, he tries to prove her a fool herself, thus regaining her trust in him as an honest and reliable allowed fool. Malvolio takes part in this intercourse and comes out strongly against Feste, calling him a weakling and an unintelligent man despite the wit he exhibits, and urging his removal.Malvolios initial appearance establishes himself as a responsible steward and an antagonist to not only the insolent Feste but also to the cleverness and repartee that characterizes much of the plays humorous dialogue. Malvolios serv ility is his primary use in the next few scenes, yet the fact that he does not share in the audiences delight at Festes antics establishes a distance between his attitude and that of the viewer watching this comedy.In Act II, scene iii, Sir Toby and his profligate moron friend Sir Andrew are up late in Olivias house drinking, bantering, and singing loudly with Feste. Maria, a servant, enters and respectfully urges them to keep quiet for their own sake. Presently Malvolio enters and castigates them, threatening to have Toby and Andrew evicted. Feste and Sir Toby respond by making up a satirical ditty to taunt Malvolio, which they sing antiphonally while Malvolio interjects coldly. Malvolio exits essentially threatening to tattle to Olivia on the lot of them, including Maria. This provides the impetus for the group to scheme against him for ruining their fun.In this dialogue, there are two basic conflicts. The most overt is the tension between the loud guests and the owner of the home . In this respect, Malvolio is faithful to Olivia (although she has not complained) and ostensibly standing up for her peace; the men, meanwhile, come off as very disrespectful. The second is a broadly religious conflict injected by Sir Toby, as he suggests, Art any more than a steward? Dost thou think because thou art virtuous there shall be no more cakes and ale? (102-104) Malvolios personal morality here is conflated with moralizing, as Toby accuses him of wanting to spoil their fun by the imposition of Puritan beliefs. After Malvolio leaves, Maria discusses his personality on an intimate level (that is, from her prior knowledge of the man), suggesting that Malvolio is haughty, pretentious, and obsequious. The group agrees to prank Malvolio by playing off his vanity and opportunism.Between these two scenes an interesting comic motif arises. Malvolio, in spoiling the fun of Feste and, later, the group of men, as well seems to spoil the audiences fun. While Malvolios motivation to protect Olivia seems valid, Sir Tobys argument that Malvolio is a spoilsport for the sake of it, gets more traction when one considers that if Malvolio had his way, the entertaining songs and witty palaver of the men would end in short, this wouldnt be a very funny play. The audiences anticipation of seeing Malvolio pranked, then, is driven less by enmity towards a villain, but rather the desire for further amusement.It is important to note that up to this point, Malvolio is probably the least interesting character in the play. The primary romantic plot is driven by comic misunderstandings and silly melodrama, which makes the main characters amusing while humanizing them. Malvolio speaks more plainly than anyone else, and seems to be nothing more than a minor functionary in the play thus, there is little emotional investment in him.Malvolios role is expanded, and his personality fleshed out, when he falls into the pranksters trap. In Act II, scene v, Malvolio soliloquizes at lengt h (albeit with the other characters on stage in hiding), giving the audience an opportunity to read his inner thoughts. Like Orsino, Viola, Olivia, et al, he is in unrequited love, yet he expresses himself more rationally, preferring daydreaming to brazen action or a surfeit of music. Tis but fortune, all is fortune, he sighs, contemplating the idea that Olivia could marry him (20). He fantasizes about becoming her Count, planning not to exploit Olivias inheritance, but to conduct himself austerely even in his greatest fantasy, he thinks of himself frowning. He envisions his revenge on Sir Toby, drawing the sequence out until anticlimactically revealing that he simply wants to ask Toby to amend his drunkenness and leave the loutish Sir Andrew, who is being duped anyhow.This is an oddly humanizing sequence, as Malvolios simple, albeit improbable, fantasy contrasts with the cruel trick about to be played on him. Malvolios desires reveal him to be a sad sack, and although the hiding m en make sarcastic asides, the audience must inevitably pity the steward. This situation is almost a comic reversal, where an mean action has been put in effect against a supposed antagonist who is actually revealed to be quite pathetic. It is almost enough for one to wish that the men would have a change of heart and call the prank off, simply by the realization of how pitiable Malvolio is.The forged love letter which follows is almost too much, playing off Malvolios vanity and simple hope and leading him to make a buffoon of himself. The fact that when we next see Malvolio, he has entirely turned around his personality illustrates less his capacity to put on airs, but more his ability to appear friendly and vivacious towards Olivia, despite his increased haughtiness to the servants. Malvolios monologue in Act III, scene iv heightens the pathetic aspect of this entire situation, as he is actually pleased with the very bemused reaction he receives from Olivia clinging to it, even. M ore importantly, though, Malvolio is actually funny in these scenes, albeit because of dramatic irony. His dialogue with Olivia here is the only part of the play where hes the one getting laughs, and someone else is acting the fools zany.After that, Malvolio reverts to a poor disposition, particularly during his confinement and humiliating verbal torture by Feste. The turnaround in that scene is remarkable: Malvolio must now actually prove hes the austere Puritan servant he was earlier.In his abstract comic function, Malvolio is essentially an objectified grotesque, a prig who gets his comeuppance. Yet Malvolios unfair imprisonment in an extremely dark room something dungeon-like and perhaps reminiscent of the princes locked in the Tower in Richard III, albeit with a comic ending is difficult to justify solely on the basis of his actions. While Malvolio is self-important and rather comically deluded in lovesickness (though the same is true of half the cast), his low rank doesnt s eem to befit such torture and humiliation (compare with any number of popular comedies in the past two centuries that show upper crust elitists getting their comeuppance at the hands of the lower class). Moreover, Malvolio attends to Olivia very faithfully, and his actions for much of the first half of the play, while dull, can be viewed entirely in terms of his strong sense of duty, a quality which is actually quite admirable and moral.Yet in a play which takes its name from a holiday that suggests drastic social mobility where guileful ambition results in success for the lead characters, Malvolios relatively honest ambition goes punished, entirely for comic purposes. The ensemble ending of the play proves Malvolio to be the only major loser, and the cruelty shown by Feste and Sir Toby is written off as an acceptable level of comic misbehavior, even if it is unjustified in the context of Malvolioââ¬â¢s character. The only moral of this comic plot, then, is that Feste and Sir T oby ought to be appreciated for their mischievous talents if only for the laughs the audience is provided. And although some of Malvolioââ¬â¢s traits are presented in a more heroic light elsewhere in the Shakespeare canon (hard work and diligent servitude are appreciated in some of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s pastorals), here they are made into an object of ridicule and mistreatment for the sake of laughter. Hence in a setting of joviality and licentious fun, the play and the holiday Twelfth Night, ambition, hotheadedness, drunkenness, guile and melodrama go unpunished ââ¬â yet simply being boring is enough to land one in the dark for a night. Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-77491091617550608732020-05-19T23:30:00.001-07:002020-05-19T23:30:09.025-07:00Praise of the Scribe Essay - 987 Words Praise of the Scribeââ¬â¢s Profession Written by Cynthia Washington, Student And U.S., Africa and World History 201, Section 1 Tuesdays and Thursdays 9:25-10:40 September 6, 2012 From what the reader know, and what historians know Egypt is one of the greatest civilizations to ever emerge in this world. A society ruled by divine kingship, and belief in polytheism. It was not because of what the Egyptians did but more so of what was left behind for other readers and educators to see. Considering the fact that the Egyptians established a very unique language and writing system also called hieroglyphics, the Egyptians had to establish a private society due to the fact that no other person was higher than the Scribes, who were theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The writer pointed out that the Egyptians truly honored and respected writing so much that it was believed to be more enjoyable than a motherââ¬â¢s giving birth. The reader was stunned after reading that piece of the writing because a mother giving birth is by far one of the greatest acknowledgments and truly respected now in the todayââ¬â¢s world and is presented in everyday lives of many as well as in the media. Writing in the readerââ¬â¢s society is respected but not held with as much pride and respect as back when the Ancient Egyptians was sharing the craft of learning. While the reader further her knowledge on the Scribes she comes to be very interested in the way others was described as being worthless due to the lack of interest in its craft. The reader came across some insightful things the royal scribe had once said and she also realized the respect that was expected from others. In other words all occupations are bad except that of the scribe. It is quite believable that most of all the readers that know about ancient Egypt are from what the scribes wrote themselves. Which is why being a scribe meant that the Egyptian men were truly respected amongst the Egyptian society and were part of the professional class as well. Lastly, the scribes have definitely recorded history with their crafts. The Egyptians valued their scribes, as well as what the Egyptian men haveSh ow MoreRelatedImportance of Scribes in Ancient Egypt954 Words à |à 4 PagesImportance of Scribes in Ancient Egypt In ancient Egypt scribes were thought to be essential to the continuation of their culture. The king and the upper class prized scribes because their ability to read and write was thought to be the highest intellectual achievement that one could attain, thus heightening their social status.1 Developing literacy in any culture is a huge turning point and accomplishment in the development of a more complex society. In ââ¬Å"In Praise of Learned Scribesâ⬠, written inRead MoreComparing the Statue of the Royal Scribe Yuni and the Statue of St. John of Patmos539 Words à |à 3 PagesComparing the Statue of the Royal Scribe Yuni and the Statue of St. John of Patmos Upon viewing the statue of the Royal Scribe Yuni (33.2.1) and the ââ¬Å"Gothic stoneâ⬠statue of St. John of Patmos (17.120.4), I noticed the few similarities and many differences they possessed when compared with one another. Both works reflexed the style of artwork done during itââ¬â¢s period. The statue of the Royal Scribe Yuni was found in the tomb of his father, Amenhotep. In this sculpture Yuni is shown kneelingRead MoreEssay on Christian Elements in Beowulf1568 Words à |à 7 Pagesfrom investigations of the folk lore analogues. The manuscript was written by two scribes around AD 1000 in late West Saxon, the literary dialect of that period. It is believed that the scribes who put the old materials together into their present form were Christians and that his poem reflects a Christian tradition. The first scribe copied three prose pieces and the first 1,939 lines of Beowulf while the second scribe copied the rest of Beowulf. In 1731, a fire swept through the Cottonian LibraryRead MoreRoman Women as Rational Human Beings Essay1131 Words à |à 5 Pagesjobs such as those requiring apprenticeships and skill trade jobs. Furthermore it was very common that there were ââ¬Å" several female scribes and secretariesâ⬠¦ more striking the number of female doctors attested from all over the roman world.â⬠It is remarkable that there were a number of Roman women able to read and write with a high enough standard as to become scribes and secretaries. Even more phenomenal is that Roman women took on the demanding role of doctors and, even at the time, able to takeRead MoreErasmus: Live Learn Love Essay examples1024 Words à |à 5 Pagesdue to the circumstances he was raised in. With his ââ¬Å"The Praise of Follyâ⬠Erasmus shows his humanistic worldview, as well as tells people what they should change in order to live a better life. Erasmus was born in Rotterdam to unmarried parents. His mother was a widow, and his father became a priest sometime shortly after his birth. His father was a devotee of Italian humanism, who knew Latin and Greek and supported himself in Rome as a scribe. Erasmus had a brother, Pieter, three years older, andRead MorePsalms As Torah And The Psalter1727 Words à |à 7 PagesFurthermore, the Psalms are prayers to be utilized during times of distress . The Psalter is considered holy, and memorization was encouraged . This book also acknowledges the importance of the scribes, and how their traditions were handed down from one generation to the next. The primary purpose of the scribes was to continue the Mesopotamian culture, and to show its lifestyle . In respect to the ethical standpoint of the Psalms, it is asked how a prayer might impact a personââ¬â¢s ethics? Or do ethicsRead MoreThe Role and Significance of the Monastic Life in Medieval Christianity1654 Words à |à 7 Pageswell organised scribes and illuminators worked in a non-monastic, possibly virtuous, way of catering for the aristocratic educated members of the society. The form of many of the manuscripts were surrounded by notes, glosses and commentary, thus delimiting the scribes imagination and creativity. The scribes worked flourished during the Late Middle Ages and beyond the Benedictines serving as scholars and transmission of texts. The role of the scribe it would be said accordingRead MoreChapter 9 : Appeals For Divine Intervention1745 Words à |à 7 Pagesgodly life . The Psalms are prayers to be utilized during times of distress . The Psalter is considered holy, and memorization was encouraged . This book also stresses the importance of the scribes, and how their traditions were handed down from one generation to the next. The primary purpose of the scribes was to continue the Mesopotamian culture, and to show its lifestyle . In regards to the ethical standpoint of the Psalms, it is asked how a prayer might impact a personââ¬â¢s ethics? Or do ethicsRead MoreChapter 9 : Appeals For Divine Intervention1724 Words à |à 7 PagesFurthermore, the Psalms are prayers to be utilized during times of distress . The Psalter is considered holy, and memorization was encouraged . This book also acknowledges the importance of the scribes, and how their traditions were handed down from one generation to the next. The primary purpose of the scribes was to continue the Mesopotamian culture, and to show its lifestyle . In respect to the ethical standpoint of the Psalms, it is asked how a prayer might impact a personââ¬â¢s ethics? Or do ethicsRead MoreThe Last Dynasty Of Isin1558 Words à |à 7 Pagesbrought the local dynasty to Isin. Ishbi-Erra continued a lot of the same practices of the Ur III dynasty in the Isin dynasty. This document, ââ¬Å"A Praise Poem of Iddin-Dagan,â⬠is considered Sumerian royal praise poetry, which often depicted and praised the various achievements, strengths and accomplishments of rulers in the ancient Near East. Royal praise poetry can be used to analyze the legitimacy of a king and how he ruled, how his people felt about him, and his relationship with the gods. Strong Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-48127915911561651642020-05-19T04:47:00.001-07:002020-05-19T04:47:03.286-07:00Trends in African American Families Essay - 1455 Words Research studies have shown that African Americans are currently the least likely ethnic group to be married in this country. This paper will examine some of the reasons why this trend exists when there was a time when marriage rates among blacks were about equal to those of whites. History, culture, economics and dominant culture influences have impacted the current trends in African American families. Many are choosing to postpone marriage, while others are finding alternative ways to cultivate family and raise children. Does the African American definition of family differ from that of the dominant culture? How has ecological systems influenced past and present trends in African American families? These questions and more are examinedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Men were used as breeding machines to help make more slaves for the masters with no regard for the marital status of the men. Marriage during life on the plantations was even illegal. In spite of this, blacks were ââ¬Å "jumping the broomâ⬠(a traditional representation of marriage and commitment among couples that is still used in marriages today) and raising children with as much love and nurturance as they had to offer. The environment was filled with such constant emotional, psychological and physical trauma that, the dominant culture made sure that there was little to no room for cultivating loving, healthy families. With the end of slavery came the next 100 years of Jim Crow laws that allow for the continued terrorizing of African Americans in this country. When slaves were set free many had no resources or family to depend on. Men and women faced poverty and discrimination in limitless measures. Men and women were lynched for any reason that could be thought of in the minds of those in the dominant culture. They were left to get along in the best way that they knew how. Many gave up their dignity and their families in exchange for survival. When public welfare assistance was instituted, the laws were constructed so that black families could not be together and receive assistance. So many women and children were without husbands and fathers in order to receive the much needed financial assistance from the government. While the civil rights movementShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And African American Families921 Words à |à 4 PagesThe number of two-parent African American households is dissolving. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the black family has declined from 80% in 1890 to 39% in 1990. The result of conflict, and warring souls in the African American community, this trend can be stopped and reversed. The African American family must first gain an understanding of what is causing this dissolution, then they can be taught about what principals and skills they must adapt in order to reverse it. Once this isRead MoreCauses of Friction in Interracial Marriages Essay1425 Words à |à 6 PagesCauses of Friction in Interracial Marriages The United States has witnessed a considerable amount of social and cultural desegregation between African-Americans and Caucasians. However, despite years of desegregation, social and cultural differences still exist. One of these differences that still exists is in the institution of marriage. Americans have been and are continually moving slowly away from segregation. In the past forty years, a multitude of changes have transformed schools, jobs,Read MoreRacial Discrimination : The And Public Order Perspectives1103 Words à |à 5 Pagesrights and public order perspectives are such contentious issues in Contemporary American Society because racial tolerance continues to be a clear trend in American society. In the past six years, there has been a significant positive change in the perceptions of both African Americans and Caucasians regarding the present state of race relations. The change in attitudes have reached the point where an African American has participated in the race f or presidential election and won. Many of the issuesRead MoreTraditional Gender Roles During The United States835 Words à |à 4 PagesMexico. The study revealed distinct differences between traditional gender roles perceptions held by Americans and Mexicans. The authors state that family settings in Mexico have been characterized by a dominance of the husband. The women are expected to make sacrifices for the sake of their families. They engage in household chores while the men are tasked with the role of providing income to the family. Some of the ultimate sacrifices that the women have to make include: the acquisition of educationRead MorePoverty And The Changing Family Structure1713 Words à |à 7 PagesAfrican Americans have come a long way in the last few decades. We have more rights, more opportunities to grow and prosper and more independence than ever before. But the same cannot be said for African American families as a whole. The African American family and community is in trouble (Tilove, 2005). These families are facing many issues today that are contributing to their break down. These factors include poverty, diminishing health, welfare, incarceration, the struggle to find housing andRead MoreAfrican Americans : The American Dream Game Cartoon By David Horsey Essay1687 Words à |à 7 PagesThe United States is famous for its American dream, which ensures equal opportunity for all, but African Americans experience a more diluted form of the dream due to their innate reductions in socioeconomic mobility. à African Americans differ from White Americans physiologically only in skin pigmentation; à however, as depicted in The American Dream Game cartoon by David Horsey, a political commentator and cartoonist with extensive experience in social and political issues, various race-induced obstaclesRead MoreWhat Were The Principal Questions Facing The Nation At The End Of The Civil War?1276 Words à |à 6 Pagesand repairs in the South remained. T he foremost question that both white southerners, white northerners, and African Americans faced was what did freedom mean: for white southerners, it meant freedom from the perceived tyrannical rule of the North; for white northerners, it started and stopped with emancipation with the exception of the Radicals and some Moderates; and for African Americans, many saw it as having the same political rights as whites with some even wanting a redistribution of the landRead MoreCapitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman1252 Words à |à 5 Pagesmobility of African Americans following World War I and II despite the ââ¬Å"temporary interruptionâ⬠displayed by collectivist trends following 1945 (Friedman 11). African Americans, with newfound economic power, were able to curtail coercive political power held by whites. However, Friedman fails to properly address the chain of events which allowed for the establishment political freedom in the African American community. Despite economic freedom granted following emancipation, African Americans were unableRead MoreThe Childhood Of Fatherless Homes1196 Words à |à 5 Pagesa child raised in a two parent homes? The growing epidemic of fatherless homes in America is a vastly growing trend. How far back through out American History can we trace this epidemic? Is there a close correlation between the absence of the father in the home, and likely hood of a child growing up to be a criminal? My primary focus will be on the affect this issue has on African American homes. Through out this paper I will address this issue, and give fact based reasoning for the matter in questionRead MoreThe Film Our Family Wedding1245 Words à |à 5 Pages The film Our Family Wedding illustrated the diversity among and between families. The film depicted the views of different generations within a family and how an interracial marriage affected them differently. The film explores new contemporary marriage trends and challenges traditional f amily roles and marriage trends. This paper will explore different demographic trends as it relates to the social constructs of class, race, and gender, survey the recent trends and changes towards contemporary Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-733327785191041202020-05-06T22:43:00.001-07:002020-05-06T22:43:09.208-07:00The Problem Of Stem And Gender Inequality - 1784 Words STEM, also known as Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, is the field that is advancing at a rapid rate. Within STEM, there are many occupations across the four fields. As the years go on, more and more people start to have a growing interest in STEM, but this canââ¬â¢t be said for women. Women almost take up half of the workforce, but when it comes to STEM, women only take about 24%, almost half of the women arenââ¬â¢t participating in STEM. The numbers continue to get worse. From 2000 - 2009, the numbers have remained at a constant 24%. At this rate, employers could potentially see a decline in women, but there have been efforts to change this rate (Beede et al par. 6). This could mean big problems for the world as more problems will arise and thereââ¬â¢s nothing to be done because of companies are non-diverse and underemployed. The main problem employers are seeing is gender inequality. Gender inequality is when a group of people, in this case women, are exi sting with an unequal amount of opportunities and rewards. Itââ¬â¢s a big issue and it specifically shows in STEM. Women are underpaid; even though the hourly wage is high, women arenââ¬â¢t present enough in STEM. To address the gender inequality gap, employers and schools should introduce women at a young age. Introducing women early is key because women are being underrepresented, not introducing STEM activities in school and women not being paid as much as men. There are reasons on why women are not present in STEM. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Female Advantage For Education877 Words à |à 4 Pagesand Buchmann investigate this gender gap in education and argue that the female advantage in education is not necessarily a ââ¬Å"boy problem,â⬠but a problem of the American educational system that fails to motivate and accommodate for students who are capable of obtaining a college degree but decides not to. While womenââ¬â¢s educational performance and attainment exceed th at of menââ¬â¢s on average, their low representation in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, disadvantage beyondRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1469 Words à |à 6 PagesGender inequality in the workplace has always existed, but I don t know that you could say it s getting worse, you could say that it is spreading to new fields as they are coming into existence. The STEM fields we have today such as, Cyber Security, Cyber Gaming, and Nanotechnology are still very young fields but gender inequality has still managed to take a foothold in these new fields. This is probably the best place to start the movement toward equality because many of these fields simply relyRead MoreWomen s Rights For Women1627 Words à |à 7 Pagesstill face problems and are underrepresented in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields currently. According to U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics (2011), only 34% of women are employed as ph ysicians and surgeons and 14% are architects and engineers. However, we see that that 61% were accountants and auditors and the 82% that are school teachers. Women are discouraged from entering STEM fields which widens the gender gap. Although some believe that the gender gap is primarilyRead MoreGender Inequality And The Science Of A Science Based Career As A Woman1715 Words à |à 7 Pagesallusion that there is always equal job opportunity for everyone. But there is a critical shortage of women in science-based careers, and it ties back to gender inequality and stereotypes. These women feel inferior to men because of a man-controlled field. Scientists are mainly men, with women left to fill the small percentage. The root of these problems are the stereotypes of women being inferior to men throughout history. Women are being left in the race to success in science. Many historically acclaimedRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Educational Institution964 Words à |à 4 Pagesindivi duals of every race, gender, and background experience while growing up. Since social class is determined in large part by education, the effects of education carry forward into the rest of each personââ¬â¢s life even after theyââ¬â¢ve long left the institution itself (Roy, lecture 10). In his lecture on the institution, Professor Roy adds that education allows for a path to social mobility while also reproducing inequalities. This paradox can be seen in both race and gender ââ¬â albeit in varying degreesRead MoreGender Inequality in Education757 Words à |à 3 PagesGender inequality is frequent in all institutions in the world. From media to family to religion and even education there are inequalities that either males or females deal with on a daily basis. The culture that we live in is one dominated by masculinity and in each of these institutions, women are the who struggle to reach an equal level of men. In academia, which is education at the college and university level women are strongly unequal to their male counterparts. They are found to have lessRead MoreEssay on The Gender Gap in Medical Professionals651 Words à |à 3 Pageswomen in STEM, or science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, which has remained prevalent since the beginning of these fields. Although women are underrepresented in these STEM fields, this is not due to ineptitude, but instead it is a result of the force of societal stereotypes coupled with their wider range of abilities. The recent increase in womenââ¬â¢s association with STEM seems promising, however, it is not actually due to decreasing cultural stereotypes. The lack of women in STEM fieldsRead MoreGender Inequality In Australia Essay1622 Words à |à 7 Pagesdominant partner, who belongs primarily to the public sphere. These historic gender norms have been deeply imbedded within Australiaââ¬â¢s social foundation, and although society has gradually shifted away from these roles, evidence suggests that this gender inequality still riddles the modern day workplace. Liberal feminist groups have embraced this issue, and have classified it as being a true barrier to achieving the ultimate gender equality goal. Consequently, these liberal feminists along with generalRead MoreGender Inequality Of The Workplace1255 Words à |à 6 Pages Fact or Fiction: Gender Inequality in the Workplace Will respect resolve the gender inequality issue in the workplace? While there s always going to be a person who craves more money because greed is a major factor in why respect is in decline in the workplace. Gender inequality is prevalent in the workplace, but we can bridge the gap if more people had respect for their counterparts. Enforcing this amongst employees will cut down on discrimination lawsuit cases and these companies can growRead MoreFeminism Theory Of The Political, Economic, And Social Equality1137 Words à |à 5 PagesMerriam-Webster definition is the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes (p.1). There are four major categories of feminist theories- Gender Differences, Gender Inequality, Gender Oppression and Structural Oppression. These theories analyze both women and menââ¬â¢s roles in society, they also question the roles of gender between men and women. This includes how class, race, ethnicity and age are viewed from a feminist perspective. The main reason that feminist theories are used Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-11859491409903032832020-05-06T21:39:00.001-07:002020-05-06T21:39:28.455-07:00Freud s Theory Of Anxiety - 937 Words ISTDP was developed based on Freudââ¬â¢s second theory of anxiety (Della Selva, 1996). Freudââ¬â¢s theory suggested that anxiety rise when forbidden feelings and impulses are expressed because anxiety acts as a signal for defenses. Defenses are activated so that it would ward off the ââ¬Å"dangerousâ⬠emotions, and thus reduce anxiety (Malan Della Selva, 2012). According to Davanloo, ââ¬Å"dangerousâ⬠could be any feeling, impulses, or action that could threaten an attachment bond, usually with significant others such as a caretaker (Malan Della Selva, 2012). Essentially, any feeling, impulse, or action that results in separation from a loved one is experienced as threatening. ISTDP see all hidden feelings as mixed emotions arising as a reaction towards a rupture in a significant relationship (Schrà ¶der et al., 2013). Davanloo stated that at the core or center of the human experience is our innate capacity and desire to find love and attachment and this typically starts with our caregiver (Della Selva, 1996; Malan Della Selva, 2012). He went on to say that when the desire to attach is not achieved, this cause us pain and grief, giving rise to retaliatory anger toward the depriving individuals. This anger is then interpreted as guilt and guilt increases anxiety because we recognizes that anger is now a threat to the very attachment bond that we are trying to form. Finally, if this pattern of not forming meaningful relationship occurs often enough, we will withdraw and begin to createShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay1660 Words à |à 7 PagesGeneralized anxiety disorder or GAD is described as excessive, exaggerat ed anxiety and worry about everyday life events with no logical reasons to justify it. Symptoms from this particular type of mental disorder include over exaggerated worrying and anxiety, an unrealistic view of situations in everyday life, fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, and more. Life becomes a constant state of worry and dread. Eventually, the anxiety overtakes the person s mindset so muchRead MoreSigmund Freud And Emile Durkheim On Religion1587 Words à |à 7 PagesThis paper examines the works of Sigmund Freud and Emile Durkheim on religion, looking at how both theorists essentially viewed religion as serving an integral role in human culture. In particular, this essay considers how both theorists consider religious believers to be mistaken in their ontological beliefs, and the rational causes for this. While both Sigmund Freud and Emile Durkheim are concerned with the study of human behaviour as it relates to culture, each does so from within distinct traditionsRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theories About Psychoanalysis And The Unconscious Mind1003 Words à |à 5 PagesPsychology, 5th Block Sigmund Freud s Theories about Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious Mind Sigmund Freud was well known for his theories on psychoanalysis, and it was used to help understand the unconscious mind better. In Freud s lifetime, he grew to be a very influential person of the twentieth century. The western society still uses words that he introduced in his time, some are libido, repression, denial, and neurotic. He was the founding father of the theory of psychoanalysis, which explainsRead MoreSigmund Freud. Briana Gates. Mr. Wiles. Psyc 43101-01:1611 Words à |à 7 Pages Sigmund Freud Briana Gates Mr. Wiles PSYC 43101-01: History and Systems of Psychology February 25, 2017 On May 6, 1856, a baby by the name of Sigmund Freud was born, in a what is now known as the Czech Republic (Schultz Schultz, 2012). After moving around a bit, Freud eventually settled in Vienna, and spent most his life there. It is without question that Sigmund Freud is a well-known name, and that he can be considered the father of what is known as psychoanalysis, seeing as how heRead MoreSigmund Freud : The Father Of Freudian Psychology1492 Words à |à 6 Pages Literary Theory Paper Sigmund Freud is the father of Freudian Psychology. He is considered a founding father of psychoanalysis and came up with the verbal psychotherapy. Sigmund Freud change the way we view childhood, personality, memory, sexuality and therapy. Throughout history, other doctors have added on to Freud s theories but at the same time remembering whose theories they are. Freuds theory of psychoanalysis focuses on the unconscious aspects of personality. His theories consist ofRead MorePsychoanalytic Theory According to Freud and Adler1406 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿Psychoanalytic Theory According to Freud and Adler Introduction The field of psychology has produced a variety of influential theories. The major schools of thought in the field have distinct philosophical and empirical foundations which have shaped their goals as well as their methods. Although no particular school of thought has given us an exhaustive understanding of human psychology, each has produced ideas that are useful for understanding particular areas of it. The modern period of psychologyRead MoreSociological Perspective On Psychology : Psychodynamic Psychology1067 Words à |à 5 PagesSummarize Major Historical Perspective in Psychology Essay Psychodynamic Perspective- There is four major perspectives in psychology: Psychodynamic, Behaviorism, Humanistic, and Cognitive. Each theory represents a psychology approach to unlock the human mind. A psychology approach is known as a perspective; today there are many different approaches in psychology that contain specified beliefs about the mind and Human Behavior. Individually each perspective is different they have their strong pointsRead MoreThe Theory Of Oedipus Complex1469 Words à |à 6 Pagesinitially used by Sigmund Freud as he developed a theory to explain the stages of psychosexual stages of development in an attempt to explain or describe the boy child feelings of attraction to the mother and anger and envy towards the father (Fear, 2005). Basically, the boy may feel like he is competing with the father for the belonging and possession of the mother. The boy sees the father as a threat for her affections, desires and attentions. In terms of the psychoanalytic theory, Oedipus complex mayRead MoreArgument Essay : Withholding The Missing Portion 1690 Words à |à 7 PagesPortion. Fish s article argues that Freud s main concern in his writings is to influence the reader of the strength of his readings and the power of his theory through his clever use of rhetoric. In particular, Fish refers to the role of the unconscious in Freud s theory, arguing that it can be freely used by Freud in such a way that it can appear to account for any data acquired in practice. This attitude reflects the commonly-held view amongst modern scientists that Freud s theories are unscientificRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words à |à 5 PagesLuwanna Perry Theories Counseling 06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800ââ¬â¢s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. ââ¬Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as an Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-35685604006115537712020-05-06T07:05:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:05:09.373-07:00Case Study on Illy Cafe free essay sample Illy Caffeà is one of the ten best companies in the coffee industry in Europe. It was founded in1933 by Francesco Illy, and in 1994 was given over to Andrea Illy. Since its formation, Illy Caffeââ¬â¢s main goal was to deliver the best quality coffee to its customers. Th e company wascareful when choosing its suppliers and always made sure it receives the best quality coffeebeans. However, after the last CEO has joined the company in 1994, Illy Caffe decided to changeits strategy and to become more responsible in the area of its business. The circumstances, whichthe coffee industry appeared to be under in 1989, was the first step toward the strategic changesmade in some companies, like Illy Caffe. Now, Illy Caffe buys highest-quality Arabica beansdirectly from Brazil, Central America, India, and Africa. The company has restructured itssupply chain completely, and has brought many innovations into the coffee industry in Brazil,making it the exporter of the best-quality coffee beans grower and producer in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study on Illy Cafe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thefollowing paper aims at analyzing the changes made in Illy Caffe in 1989 and identifying the key issues and their potential solutions in the companyââ¬â¢s new strategy. Changes in Illy Caffeââ¬â¢s supply chain describes the strategy and its benefits In 1989 Illy Caffeââ¬â¢s management decided to change its supply chain from a regular one to adirect purchasing. The quality of the coffee played a significant role in Illy Caffeââ¬â¢s business.Companyââ¬â¢s CEO and managers believed that coffee loses its quality after going th rough differentstages in the supply process. They believed that the more intermediaries they would have, theworse would be the quality of their coffee. Therefore, changing this situation through refusing tohave a single intermediary appeared to be the most appropriate thing to do. Illy Caffe became thefirst company in the coffee industry, which started buying directly from farmers. In return tohigh premiums, company expected to receive higher quality coffee beans from Braziliangrowers. Brazil was the largest producer of coffee at that time, however, had poor reputationbecause of the bad quality of their products. Illy Caffe was aware of the situation in Brazil,however, it could find required amount of growers only in that country. The company, therefore,decided to teach Brazilian farmers, how to become its suppliers. Since Illy Caffe was good atinnovation throughout its existence, it found a good way to attract coffee growers (not only fromBrazil but from all over the world) and to make them produce higher-quality coffee. The Illycaffe Brazil Quality Espresso Coffee Award was designed in order to find companyââ¬â¢s potential suppliers among the farmers from Brazil. The main idea of this project was to create afeeling of mutual benefit from the partnership and to motivate growers to start producing higher-quality goods. Getting an award and winning a competition meant receiving a good opportunityfor the company in the future.The project became very successful, and hundreds of Brazilian farmers were accepted toparticipate in it. Illy Caffe succeeded in finding good producers and to make them become even better through selecting them among other participants to become companyââ¬â¢s long -term partners.Illy Caffe wanted to make sure its relationship with Brazilian partners would be strong and longlasting Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-39495864464312664582020-05-06T05:44:00.001-07:002020-05-06T05:44:03.863-07:00Pestle of Nestle free essay sample PESTLE analysis is a process to help understand the overall market environment such as market risks, market growth or decline for a particular industry, business, product, or project. It is often a key part of strategic, marketing, and business planning. The political factors refer to the degree of intervention of government in the economy. For an example, if the government taxes increase, it will cause the selling price of Nestle increase, and therefore the number of customers and the sales of stock will also decrease. The economic factors have large impacts. Income distribution or interest rates can seriously affect the bottom line of a company like Nestle. For an example, if the income of the consumer increases, the demand of the product of Nestle may also increase. The sociological factors are cultural aspects and demographic variables which are closely linked to the market potential and customers need. For an example, the Nestle will make a marketing strategy according age distribution or gender role before produce a new product. We will write a custom essay sample on Pestle of Nestle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The technological factors have had a great impact. For an example, the technology of Nestle reduces costs and the quality also improves, the sold of the goods will also increases. The legal factors are related to the legal environment of an organisation and impact its demand and cost. For an example, Nestle was provided health and safety law for their members. Nestle will pay the compensation for their members via their free legal help scheme with personal injury specialists Thompsons Solicitors. Any large organisation has an environmental impact. For an example, Nestle respects the environment and is committed to environmentally sound business practices throughout the world, thus taking into account the need to preserve natural resources and save energy. Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-48314306063577805562020-04-22T18:36:00.001-07:002020-04-22T18:36:03.758-07:00The Triple Bottom Line and the Global Reporting Initiatives Introduction At present, many businesses have acknowledged the importance of paying a lot of attention to the issues of sustainability. Social equality and environmental concerns are being put to the fore by many organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Triple Bottom Line and the Global Reporting Initiatives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also necessary to note that the 2008 crisis which is often associated with the ignorance of principles of sustainability has also shown that it is essential to adhere to these principles (Jackson, Boswell and Davis 2011). The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) are aimed at developing a more sustainable business environment on the global scale. These initiatives are based on quite similar principles. Moreover, it is possible to note that GRI is a more comprehensive and detailed version of the TBL. This is the major reason why I wo uld choose this reporting initiative as a manager of a company. The Triple Bottom Line Reporting Initiative To understand major peculiarities as well as advantages and downsides of both initiatives, it is necessary to define them. The TBL reporting initiative is employed in business accounting ââ¬Å"to further expand stakeholdersââ¬â¢ knowledge of the companyâ⬠(Jackson, Boswell and Davis 2011, 56). Robins (2006, 2) provides quite a precise definition of the TBL reporting initiative which ââ¬Å"aims to extend decision making and disclosure so that business decisions explicitly take into consideration the impacts on society and the environment, as well as on proï ¬ tâ⬠. Clearly, this approach makes companies address three major issues when reporting, i.e. financial data, data on social and environmental sustainability. This approach was developed in the 1990s. Companies started including data on their social and environmental sustainability initiatives in their finan cial reports.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to surveys implemented in the early 2000s almost 70% of big European corporations and 40% of corporations in the USA exploited the approach in 2002 (Robins 2006, 4). Robins (2006) also stressed that the scandals of 2001 associated with such companies as Enron (the USA), the HIH (the Health International Holdings) (Australia) and other organizations made companies committed to adherence to TBL reporting initiative. Thus, huge corporations (usually operation globally) adopted the approach and started including data on social and environmental sustainability initiatives in their financial reports. However, it is necessary to note that the TBL initiative cannot be regarded as a comprehensive guideline to form reports. This is largely an approach, an idea, and companies are free to choose their own ways to report on their sustainability strategies. The Global Reporting Initiative On the contrary, though the Global Reporting Initiative is based on the principles of the TBL but it ââ¬Å"provides criteria to measure a companyââ¬â¢s behavior in each leg of the Triple Bottom Lineâ⬠(Stenzel 2010, 1). The GRI is a specific guideline for the companies to follow. This initiative is aimed at providing a single format for companies to add transparency and accuracy to companiesââ¬â¢ accounting. It is necessary to note that the GRI is used in Europe predominantly but it is spreading across the globe at a considerable pace. Such companies as National Australia Bank, Mauser Group, Coca-Colaââ¬â¢s divisions and many other huge corporations are participating in the GRI. Many researchers as well as business people claim that there are some disadvantages in this approach. For instance, it requires more time to create such a report and there is often lack of time.Advertising We will write a custom e ssay sample on The Triple Bottom Line and the Global Reporting Initiatives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The GRI Is More Applicable I would choose the GRI due to a number of reasons. In the first place, the GRI provides a specific comprehensive format which can be used for reporting. Therefore, there is no need to waste time on developing an appropriate reporting framework for the company. It is important to note that the GRI provides a detailed reporting framework that addresses all three dimensions of the TBL reporting initiative. Adherence to the GRI format ensures transparency and comprehensiveness of a report. I would be sure that the report highlights all the necessary points which reveal the companyââ¬â¢s involvement in the sustainability movement. Apart from this, the use of GRI can help create a favourable image of the company. Unified reporting format makes it clear for stakeholders that the company is moving in the ri ght direction. Investors, companies and customers want to be sure that the company is responsible and is following the principles of sustainability. A company that provides a clear and comprehensive report including financial data as well as data on social and environmental sustainability initiatives attracts more investors and clients, which, in its turn, can ensure the companyââ¬â¢s development and growth. Conclusion To sum up, it is possible to note that the TBL reporting initiative and the GRI add transparency and clarity to accounting reports. These initiatives help companies follow the principles of sustainability. However, it is also important to note that the GRI provides specific guidelines to develop accounting reports while the TBL is rather a set of principles to follow in reporting. I would choose the former approach due to its comprehensiveness.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The GRI can help a company follow the principles of sustainability and develop a favourable image in the business world, which will inevitably lead to growth. Reference List Jackson, Aimee, Katherine Boswell and Dorothy Davis. 2011. ââ¬Å"Sustainability and Triple Bottom Line Reporting ââ¬â What Is It All about?â⬠International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology 1(3): 55-59. Robins, Fred. 2006. ââ¬Å"The Challenge of TBL: A Responsibility to Whom?â⬠Business and Society Review 111(1): 1-14. Stenzel, Paulette L. 2010. ââ¬Å"Sustainability, the Triple Bottom Line, and the Global Reporting Initiative.â⬠Global EDGE Business Review 4(6): 1-2. This essay on The Triple Bottom Line and the Global Reporting Initiatives was written and submitted by user Al1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-61054755711860695722020-04-15T09:33:00.001-07:002020-04-15T09:33:04.426-07:00How to Write a Sample Homeless EssayHow to Write a Sample Homeless EssayThere are several different formats to a sample Homeless essay, but the APA format is the most commonly used. This is because it has been used for many years and has many specific characteristics that make it easy to understand. It also requires no technical knowledge to prepare.One of the main things to consider when writing an APA format essay is that there are only four main parts. The first section is called the introduction. This will tell you what your topic is. It should be brief, so that you do not overwhelm the reader. Then, in the second section, you will present your argument.The third part is called the conclusion. Here, you explain how you arrived at your conclusion. Finally, you will finish up with a few examples of common homelessness situations.It is important to note that most people who write about the homeless have a strong bias towards the negative side of the homeless issue. This bias can cause problems when you begin to presen t your own experiences and give examples. You should avoid this by being as impartial as possible.The first thing to remember when writing a sample homelessness essay is that you do not need to write like the author. You can use your own experiences and add your own viewpoints to the mix. You should also be aware that the author of the original Homeless article was neither of these things, so you may want to avoid that approach as well.Once you have decided on a good example, it is time to write the introduction. This should tell a little about yourself and why you feel your perspective will help the reader learn more about the homeless experience. Your basic goal here is to make sure that you provide an example of how the person will learn about the homeless issue.In the conclusion, you will give some examples of the typical things that you will encounter when preparing a sample homelessness essay. These examples should also show how the issues are normally resolved in different si tuations. This is especially important for stories that involve violence. Often, such violence is mentioned in the case study, but you can also include the violence if you want to.Remember that this is not a substitute for becoming a Poverty Expert or having an academic degree. But if you need some information about writing a homeless case study, the APA format makes it easier to get started. So you can use it even if you do not have a PhD. Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-71161787242971057762020-03-17T00:26:00.001-07:002020-03-17T00:26:02.920-07:00The framework to apply the effective WBDL Essay ExampleThe framework to apply the effective WBDL Essay Example The framework to apply the effective WBDL Essay The framework to apply the effective WBDL Essay Figure3:TheframeworktoapplytheeffectiveWBDLtotheorganizationsHumanResourceDevelopmentPlan.Table1highlightshowWBTsuchasWBDLanalyzesthelearningimperativesessentialfortheHumanResource.Thefirstlearningimperativeisthediversificationofthelearningportfolio.TheimperativeassertthatHumanResourceinvariousorganizationsmustmaintainthehighleveloftalentsoastomeetthepresentcompetitivechallenges(Tannenbaum,2002).Theexpandedlearningalternativesareessentialbecausetraditionalclassroomtrainingcanmeetalloftheorganizationsrequirements.ThelearningalternativesprovideindividualcustomizationandpersonalizedtrainingsoastoexaminethediverseissuesHumanResourceandorganizationsface.TheWBDListhevaluableflexibleadditiontotheorganizationslearningportfoliothatcanofferacustomizedtrainingexperiencesoastomeetthediverselearningrequirementsoftheemployees.Forinstance,theorganizationmayhavethecompleteportfoliooftheWBDLcourses.Theemployeesmaytakeandaccomplishthecoursethatmeetsaparticularlearningrequirement.Indevelopingthetrainin gstrategy,anAmericanRedCross(ARC)realizedemployeeshavevaryinglearningstylesandrequirements.Forinstance,theARChasvariousemployeeswhoareself-drivenlearnersreadytotakeasuitablelearningresourceandmakethemostoftheirlearningfromthemedia.TheAmericanRedCrossadoptedtheWBDLdesigntomeetthestrategiclearningrequirementswhilepermittinglearnerstoparticipateanddetermineintrainingcoursesthataresuitabletotheirrequirements.Theemployeescandownloadcareerassessmentandotherplanningtoolssoastheycanreadandunderstandthelearningandtrainingopportunitiesrequiredtomeettheorganizationalgoals(RogersBecker,2001).AcceleratingthepaceoflearningisanessentialbenefitderivedfromtheWBDL.Thepresentworkenvironmentneedsanacceleratedpaceofworkerlearning.Learningrequirementsoccurquicklyandoften(Tannenbaum,2002).TheWeb-BasedDistanceLearningapplicationcanbeappliedquicklyandfairly,andoncedeveloped,theapplicationcanreachworkersimmediately.TheflexibilityoftheWBDLcanassistHumanResourcemeettheirlearningrequirementsunderseeminglyimposs ibleissues.ProvisionoftheopportunitiestogrowandlearnisanotheressentialstrategyfortheHumanResource.Competitioncreatestherequirementtomaintainandattracttalentfromvariousworkers.Anessentialactionofcreatingcompetitionistomakecertainthatemployeesbelievetheyhavevariousopportunitiestogrowandlearncontinuously(Tannenbaum,2002).Thepartofofferingtheenvironmentsoastosupportcontinuouslearningandtrainingistomakecertainthatemployeesatalllevelsoftheorganizationcanactivelypursuedevelopmentandtrainingactivities(Noeetal.1997).TheWBDLcanofferaccesstolearningandtrainingopportunitiesalalltheworkersthatcanaccessthecomputerthatisconnectedtotheInternet.TheHumanResourcecanprovideworkersthatdonotperforminofficeswithsharedterminalstolearnandtrainviatheWebapplications.Table1:BenefitsofadoptingWBLsuchasWBDLinmeetingtheorganizationallearningrequirementsEffectiveWBTHumanResourcedesigningtheWBTarerequiredtoconsidertheleanertraitsthatrequirementsindevelopingtheWBTcoursesthatfacilitateandindividualizeratherthanhinder trainingandlearning.ByanalyzingtheHumanResourceapplications,someessentialguidelinesfortheeffectiveWBTdesignmaterialize.HumanResourceissuesintheWBTdevelopmentandimplementationisthefirstguidelinefortheeffectiveWBT.TherapidgrowthofthetechnologysuchastheWBDLindifferentworkplaceshascausedvariouschangesintheworkercommunication.Theimplementationoftheelectroniccommunicationreducesface-to-facecommunication.Also,theimplantationoftheelectroniccommunicationhasreducedtheoverallcommunicationinvariousorganizations.Thelossofthecasualinteractioncandoharmtoanorganizationbecauseinnovativeinformationisoftenasaresultoftheinteraction.Theface-to-facecommunicationisabsentintheWBT.TeoptionofthelearnercontrolisanotheruniqueaspectoftheWBTdesign.Asdiscussedearlier,traditionalclassroomtrainingbarelyofferscontrolfortheinstructor.TheWeblearnerscanmovefreelythroughtrainingandearnandeveninteractwiththeWebsitesoutsideofthelearningcoursethroughtheuseofthehypertext.CollaborativelearningisanothereffectivenessofWBTforth eHumanResource.TheabsenceofthehumaninteractionintheWBTcreatestheconcernwiththeeffectivenessoflearningandtraining.CollaborativelearningisusefulinbuildingtheHumanResourceknowledgeconcerningthelearningmaterials.LearnercontrolisanothereffectivenessoftheWBT,andthelearnercontrolcanbeobservedfromdifferentperspectives.Thelearnercontrolcanbeobservedthroughthesequenceoftraining,contenttheychoose,andthecoursetheyexploreduringthelearningprocess.WBTcanbeevaluatedthroughHumanResourcesatisfactioninperformingtheirskills.RecommendationsWBTshouldbetiedtoparticularbusinessobjectivessinceseveralexamplesoftheapplicationsdesignedtosolveparticularissuessuchasadmittanceofremoteemployeepopulations.Also,theHumanResourceshouldconsidertherequirementandtheopportunityforthecollaborativelearningwhendesigningWBT.HumanResourceshouldcautiouslyevaluatethedesignandleveloflearnercontrolwithintheWBT.Lastly,theHumanResourceshouldevaluatetheirWBTefforts,whetherthroughformativeevaluationortraditionalevaluationefforts.TheWB Tshouldbeanalyzedtoidentifyifitismeetingthegoalsspecifiedintheplanninglevelsofthetraining.ConclusionTheWBThasthecapabilitytohavethesignificantimpactonthefutureoflearning,training,anddevelopmentofskills.However,tomakecertainthatWBTistheworthwhileinvestmentfortheorganization,itisessentialtohavetheimplementationplanthatispurposelytiedtotheorganizationsbusinessapproach.Withcarefulevaluationandplanning,WBThasthecapabilitytosolvevariousHumanResourcechallengesindifferentorganizations.FortheeffectiveuseoftheWBT,HumanResourcemustunderstandhowtomakeuseoftheWBTinthetrainingoftheiremployees.ReferencesKhan,H. (2001).TheFrameworkfortheWeb-BasedLearning.Web-BasedTraining.EJ;EducationalTechnologyPublications.Ladd,B. (1990), TheEarlyCBTremembered:Howwegotherefromthere,InteractiveTechnologies,pp.8-10.Drucker,P. (2000), Thelongview,TrainingandDevelopment,Volume54No.12,pp.27.Berge,Z.L. (1998), TheConceptualFrameworksintheDistanceTrainingandEducation:DistanceTraining:HowInnovativeOrganizationsAreUsingTe chnologytoMaximizeLearningandMeetBusinessObjectives,Jossey-Bass,SanFrancisco.Galagan,P. (2000), E-learningRevolution:TrainingandDevelopment,Volume54No.12.Kosarzycki,M.,Salas,E.,Firoe,S. Burke,C.S. (2002), EmergingThemesinDistanceLearningResearchandPractice:someFoodforThought,PresentedattheAnnualConferenceofSocietyforIndustrialandtheOrganizationalPsychology,Toronto.Tannenbaum,A. (2002), TheStrategicViewofOrganizationalTrainingandLearningCreatingorImplementingorManagingtheEffectiveTrainingandtheDevelopment,Jossey-Bass,SanFrancisco,CA,p.10-52.Rogers,N. Becker,S. (2001), FromTrainingEnhancementtoOrganizationalLearning:AMigrationofDistanceLearningatanAmericanRedCrossSustainingDistanceTraining:AnIntegratingLearningTechnologiesintotheFabricoftheEnterprise,Jossey-Bass,SanFrancisco,p.329-47. Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-4205841210320308062020-02-29T14:50:00.001-08:002020-02-29T14:50:04.237-08:00Blood Promise Chapter Two He grabbed her shoulder, jerking her to him. He was fast-they always were-but I was on my game tonight. A swift kick knocked him into a neighboring buildingââ¬â¢s wall and freed Sydney from his grasp. He grunted on impact and slumped to the ground, stunned and surprised. It wasnââ¬â¢t easy to get the drop on a Strigoi, not with their lightning-fast reflexes. Abandoning Sydney, he focused his attention on me, red eyes angry and lips curled back to show his fangs. He sprang up from his fall with that preternatural speed and lunged for me. I dodged him and attempted a punch that he dodged in return. His next blow caught me on the arm, and I stumbled, just barely keeping my balance. My stake was still clutched in my right hand, but I needed an opening to hit his chest. A smart Strigoi would have angled himself in a way that ruined the line of sight to his heart. This guy was only doing a so-so job, and if I could stay alive long enough, Iââ¬â¢d likely get an opening. Just then, Sydney came up and hit him on the back. It wasnââ¬â¢t a very strong blow, but it startled him. It was my opening. I sprinted as hard as I could, throwing my full weight at him. My stake pierced his heart as we slammed against the wall. It was as simple as that. The life-or undead life or whatever-faded away from him. He stopped moving. I jerked out my stake once I was certain he was dead and watched as his body crumpled to the ground. Just like with every Strigoi Iââ¬â¢d killed lately, I had a momentary surreal feeling. What if this had been Dimitri? I tried to imagine Dimitriââ¬â¢s face on this Strigoi, tried to imagine him lying before me. My heart twisted in my chest. For a split second, the image was there. Then-gone. This was just some random Strigoi. I promptly shook the disorientation off and reminded myself that I had important things to worry about here. I had to check on Sydney. Even with a human, my protective nature couldnââ¬â¢t help but kick in. ââ¬Å"Are you okay?â⬠She nodded, looking shaken but otherwise unharmed. ââ¬Å"Nice work,â⬠she said. She sounded as though she were forcibly trying to sound confident. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ve neverâ⬠¦ Iââ¬â¢ve never actually seen one of them killedâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ I couldnââ¬â¢t imagine how she would have, but then, I didnââ¬â¢t get how she knew about any of this stuff in the first place. She looked like she was in shock, so I took her arm and started to lead her away. ââ¬Å"Come on, letââ¬â¢s get out to where thereââ¬â¢s more people.â⬠Strigoi lurking near the Nightingale wasnââ¬â¢t that crazy of an idea, the more I thought about it. What better place to stalk Moroi than at one of their hangouts? Though, hopefully, most guardians would have enough sense to keep their charges out of alleys like this. The suggestion of departure snapped Sydney out of her daze. ââ¬Å"What?â⬠she exclaimed. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re just going to leave him too?â⬠I threw up my hands. ââ¬Å"What do you expect me to do? I guess I can move him behind those trash cans and then let the sun incinerate him. Thatââ¬â¢s what I usually do.â⬠ââ¬Å"Right. And what if someone shows up to take out the trash? Or comes out of one of these back doors?â⬠ââ¬Å"Well, I can hardly drag him off. Or set him on fire. A vampire barbecue would kind of attract some attention, donââ¬â¢t you think?â⬠Sydney shook her head in exasperation and walked over to the body. She made a face as she looked down at the Strigoi and reached into her large leather purse. From it, she produced a small vial. With a deft motion, she sprinkled the vialââ¬â¢s contents over the body and then quickly stepped back. Where the drops had hit his corpse, yellow smoke began to curl away. The smoke slowly moved outward, spreading horizontally rather than vertically until it cocooned the Strigoi entirely. Then it contracted and contracted until it was nothing but a fist-size ball. In a few seconds, the smoke drifted off entirely, leaving an innocuous pile of dust behind. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re welcome,â⬠said Sydney flatly, still giving me a disapproving look. ââ¬Å"What the hell was that?â⬠I exclaimed. ââ¬Å"My job. Can you please call me the next time this happens?â⬠She started to turn away. ââ¬Å"Wait! I canââ¬â¢t call you-I have no idea who you are.â⬠She glanced back at me and brushed blond hair out of her face. ââ¬Å"Really? Youââ¬â¢re serious, arenââ¬â¢t you? I thought you were all taught about us when you graduated.â⬠ââ¬Å"Oh, well. Funny thingâ⬠¦ I kind of, uh, didnââ¬â¢t graduate.â⬠Sydneyââ¬â¢s eyes widened. ââ¬Å"You took down one of thoseâ⬠¦ thingsâ⬠¦ but never graduated?â⬠I shrugged, and she remained silent for several seconds. Finally, she sighed again and said, ââ¬Å"I guess we need to talk.â⬠Did we ever. Meeting her had to be the strangest thing that had happened to me since coming to Russia. I wanted to know why she thought I should have been in contact with her and how sheââ¬â¢d dissolved that Strigoi corpse. And, as we returned to the busy streets and walked toward a cafe she liked, it occurred to me that if she knew about the Moroi world, there might be a chance she also knew where Dimitriââ¬â¢s village was. Dimitri. There he was again, popping back into my mind. I had no clue if he really would be lurking near his hometown, but I had nothing else to go on at this point. Again, that weird feeling came over me. My mind blurred Dimitriââ¬â¢s face with that of the Strigoi Iââ¬â¢d just killed: pale skin, red ringed eyesâ⬠¦ No, I sternly told myself. Donââ¬â¢t focus on that yet. Donââ¬â¢t panic. Until I faced Dimitri the Strigoi, I would gain the most strength from remembering the Dimitri I loved, with his deep brown eyes, warm hands, fierce embraceâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å"Are you okayâ⬠¦ um, whatever your name is?â⬠Sydney was staring at me strangely, and I realized weââ¬â¢d come to a halt in front of a restaurant. I didnââ¬â¢t know what look I wore on my face, but it must have been enough to raise even her attention. Until now, my impression as we walked had been that she wanted to speak to me as little as possible. ââ¬Å"Yeah, yeah, fine,â⬠I said brusquely, putting on my guardian face. ââ¬Å"And Iââ¬â¢m Rose. Is this the place?â⬠It was. The restaurant was bright and cheery, albeit a far cry from the Nightingaleââ¬â¢s opulence. We slid into a black leather-by which I mean fake plastic leather-booth, and I was delighted to see the menu had both American and Russian food. The listings were translated into English, and I nearly drooled when I saw fried chicken. I was starving after not eating at the club, and the thought of deep-fried meat was luxurious after weeks of cabbage dishes and so-called McDonaldââ¬â¢s. A waitress arrived, and Sydney ordered in fluent Russian, whereas I just pointed at the menu. Huh. Sydney was just full of surprises. Considering her harsh attitude, I expected her to interrogate me right away, but when the waitress left, Sydney remained quiet, simply playing with her napkin and avoiding eye contact. It was so strange. She was definitely uncomfortable around me. Even with the table between us, it was like she couldnââ¬â¢t get far enough away. Yet her earlier outrage hadnââ¬â¢t been faked, and sheââ¬â¢d been adamant about me following whatever these rules of hers were. Well, she might have been playing coy, but I had no such hesitation about busting into uncomfortable topics. In fact, it was kind of my trademark. ââ¬Å"So, are you ready to tell me who you are and whatââ¬â¢s going on?â⬠Sydney looked up. Now that we were in brighter light, I could see that her eyes were brown. I also noticed that she had an interesting tattoo on her lower left cheek. The ink looked like gold, something Iââ¬â¢d never seen before. It was an elaborate design of flowers and leaves and was only really visible when she tilted her head certain ways so that the gold caught the light. ââ¬Å"I told you,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m an Alchemist.â⬠ââ¬Å"And I told you, I donââ¬â¢t know what that is. Is it some Russian word?â⬠It didnââ¬â¢t sound like one. A half-smile played on her lips. ââ¬Å"No. I take it youââ¬â¢ve never heard of alchemy either?â⬠I shook my head, and she propped her chin up with her hand, eyes staring down at the table again. She swallowed, like she was bracing herself, and then a rush of words came out. ââ¬Å"Back in the Middle Ages, there were these people who were convinced that if they found the right formula or magic, they could turn lead into gold. Unsurprisingly, they couldnââ¬â¢t. This didnââ¬â¢t stop them from pursuing all sorts of other mystical and supernatural stuff, and eventually they did find something magical.â⬠She frowned. ââ¬Å"Vampires.â⬠I thought back to my Moroi history classes. The Middle Ages were when our kind really started pulling away from humans, hiding out and keeping to ourselves. That was the time when vampires truly became myth as far as the rest of the world was concerned, and even Moroi were regarded as monsters worth hunting. Sydney verified my thoughts. ââ¬Å"And that was when the Moroi began to stay away. They had their magic, but humans were starting to outnumber them. We still do.â⬠That almost brought a smile to her face. Moroi sometimes had trouble conceiving, whereas humans seemed to have too easy a time. ââ¬Å"And the Moroi made a deal with the Alchemists. If the Alchemists would help Moroi and dhampirs and their societies stay secret from humans, the Moroi would give us these.â⬠She touched the golden tattoo. ââ¬Å"What is that?â⬠I asked. ââ¬Å"I mean, aside from the obvious.â⬠She gently stroked it with her fingertips and didnââ¬â¢t bother hiding the sarcasm when she spoke. ââ¬Å"My guardian angel. Itââ¬â¢s actually gold andâ⬠-she grimaced and dropped her hand-ââ¬Å"Moroi blood, charmed with water and earth.â⬠ââ¬Å"What?â⬠My voice came out too loud, and some people in the restaurant turned to look at me. Sydney continued speaking, her tone much lower and very bitter. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m not thrilled about it, but itââ¬â¢s our ?à ®rewardââ¬â¢ for helping you guys. The water and earth bind it to our skin and give us the same traits Moroi have well, a couple of them. I almost never get sick. Iââ¬â¢ll live a long life.â⬠ââ¬Å"I guess that sounds good,â⬠I said uncertainly. ââ¬Å"Maybe for some. We donââ¬â¢t have a choice. This ?à ®careerââ¬â¢ is a family thing-it gets passed down. We all have to learn about Moroi and dhampirs. We work connections among humans that let us cover up for you since we can move around more freely. Weââ¬â¢ve got tricks and techniques to get rid of Strigoi bodies-like that potion you saw. In return, though, we want to stay apart from you as much as we can-which is why most dhampirs arenââ¬â¢t told about us until they graduate. And Moroi hardly ever.â⬠She abruptly stopped. I guessed the lesson was over. My head was reeling. I had never, never considered anything like this-wait. Had I? Most of my education had emphasized the physical aspects of being a guardian: watchfulness, combat, etc. Yet every so often Iââ¬â¢d heard vague references to those out in the human world who would help hide Moroi or get them out of weird and dangerous situations. Iââ¬â¢d never thought much about it or heard the term Alchemist. If I had stayed in school, maybe I would have. This probably wasnââ¬â¢t an idea I should have suggested, but my nature couldnââ¬â¢t help it. ââ¬Å"Why keep the charm to yourselves? Why not share it with the human world?â⬠ââ¬Å"Because thereââ¬â¢s an extra part to its power. It stops us from speaking about your kind in a way that would endanger or expose them.â⬠A charm that bound them from speakingâ⬠¦ that sounded suspiciously like compulsion. All Moroi could use compulsion a little, and most could put some of their magic into objects to give them certain properties. Moroi magic had changed over the years, and compulsion was regarded as an immoral thing now. I was guessing this tattoo was an old, old spell that had come down through the centuries. I replayed the rest of what Sydney had said, more questions spinning in my head. ââ¬Å"Whyâ⬠¦ why do you want to stay away from us? I mean, not that Iââ¬â¢m looking to become BFFs or anythingâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ââ¬Å"Because itââ¬â¢s our duty to God to protect the rest of humanity from evil creatures of the night.â⬠Absentmindedly, her hand went to something at her neck. It was mostly covered by her jacket, but a parting of her collar briefly revealed a golden cross. My initial reaction to that was unease, seeing as I wasnââ¬â¢t very religious. In fact, I was never entirely comfortable around those who were hard-core believers. Thirty seconds later, the full impact of the rest of her words sank in. ââ¬Å"Wait a minute,â⬠I exclaimed indignantly. ââ¬Å"Are you talking about all of us-dhampirs and Moroi? Weââ¬â¢re all evil creatures of the night?â⬠Her hands dropped from the cross, and she didnââ¬â¢t respond. ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢re not like Strigoi!â⬠I snapped. Her face stayed bland. ââ¬Å"Moroi drink blood. Dhampirs are the unnatural offspring of them and humans.â⬠No one had ever called me unnatural before, except for the time I put ketchup on a taco. But seriously, weââ¬â¢d been out of salsa, so what else was I supposed to do? ââ¬Å"Moroi and dhampirs are not evil,â⬠I told Sydney. ââ¬Å"Not like Strigoi.â⬠ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s true,â⬠she conceded. ââ¬Å"Strigoi are more evil.â⬠ââ¬Å"Hey, thatââ¬â¢s not what I-ââ¬Å" The food arrived just then, and the fried chicken was almost enough to distract me from the outrage of being compared to a Strigoi. Mostly all it did was delay me from responding immediately to her claims, and I bit into the golden crust and nearly melted then and there. Sydney had ordered a cheeseburger and fries and nibbled her food delicately. After taking down an entire chicken leg, I was finally able to resume the argument. ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢re not like Strigoi at all. Moroi donââ¬â¢t kill. You have no reason to be afraid of us.â⬠Again, I wasnââ¬â¢t keen on cozying up to humans. None of my kind were, not with the way humans tended to be trigger-happy and ready to experiment on anything they didnââ¬â¢t understand. ââ¬Å"Any human who learns about you will inevitably learn about Strigoi,â⬠she said. She was playing with her fries but not actually eating them. ââ¬Å"Knowing about Strigoi might enable humans to protect themselves, though.â⬠Why the hell was I playing devilââ¬â¢s advocate here? She finished toying with a fry and dropped it back on her plate. ââ¬Å"Perhaps. But there are a lot of people who would be tempted by the thought of immortality-even at the cost of serving Strigoi in exchange for being turned into a creature from hell. Youââ¬â¢d be surprised at how a lot of humans respond when they learn about vampires. Immortalityââ¬â¢s a big draw-despite the evil that goes with it. A lot of humans who learn about Strigoi will try to serve them, in the hopes of eventually being turned.â⬠ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s insane-â⬠I stopped. Last year, weââ¬â¢d discovered evidence of humans helping Strigoi. Strigoi couldnââ¬â¢t touch silver stakes, but humans could, and some had used those stakes to shatter Moroi wards. Had those humans been promised immortality? ââ¬Å"And so,â⬠said Sydney, ââ¬Å"thatââ¬â¢s why itââ¬â¢s best if we just make sure no one knows about any of you. Youââ¬â¢re out there-all of you-and thereââ¬â¢s nothing to be done about it. You do your thing to get rid of Strigoi, and weââ¬â¢ll do ours and save the rest of my kind.â⬠I chewed on a chicken wing and restrained myself from the implied meaning that she was saving her kind from people like me, too. In some ways, what she was saying made sense. It wasnââ¬â¢t possible that we could always move through the world invisibly, and yes, I could admit, it was necessary for someone to dispose of Strigoi bodies. Humans working with Moroi were an ideal choice. Such humans would be able to move around the world freely, particularly if they had the kinds of contacts and connections she kept implying. I froze mid-chew, remembering my earlier thoughts when Iââ¬â¢d first come along with Sydney. I forced myself to swallow and then took a long drink of water. ââ¬Å"Hereââ¬â¢s a question. Do you have contacts all over Russia?â⬠ââ¬Å"Unfortunately,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"When Alchemists turn eighteen, weââ¬â¢re sent on an internship to get firsthand experience in the trade and make all sorts of connections. I would have rather stayed in Utah.â⬠That was almost crazier than everything else sheââ¬â¢d told me, but I didnââ¬â¢t push it. ââ¬Å"What kind of connections exactly?â⬠She shrugged. ââ¬Å"We track the movements of a lot of Moroi and dhampirs. We also know a lot of high-ranking government officials-among humans and Moroi. If thereââ¬â¢s been a vampire sighting among humans, we can usually find someone important who can pay someone off or whateverâ⬠¦ It all gets swept under the rug.â⬠Track the movements of a lot of Moroi and dhampirs. Jackpot. I leaned in close and lowered my voice. Everything seemed to hinge on this moment. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m looking for a villageâ⬠¦ a village of dhampirs out in Siberia. I donââ¬â¢t know its name.â⬠Dimitri had only ever mentioned its name once, and Iââ¬â¢d forgotten. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s kind of nearâ⬠¦ Om?â⬠ââ¬Å"Omsk,â⬠she corrected. I straightened up. ââ¬Å"Do you know it?â⬠She didnââ¬â¢t answer right away, but her eyes betrayed her. ââ¬Å"Maybe.â⬠ââ¬Å"You do!â⬠I exclaimed. ââ¬Å"You have to tell me where it is. I have to get there.â⬠She made a face. ââ¬Å"Are you going to beâ⬠¦ one of those?â⬠So Alchemists knew about blood whores. No surprise. If Sydney and her associates knew everything else about the vampire world, theyââ¬â¢d know this too. ââ¬Å"No,â⬠I said haughtily. ââ¬Å"I just have to find someone.â⬠ââ¬Å"Who?â⬠ââ¬Å"Someone.â⬠That almost made her smile. Her brown eyes were thoughtful as she munched on another fry. Sheââ¬â¢d only taken two bites out of her cheeseburger, and it was rapidly growing cold. I kind of wanted to eat it myself on principle. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll be right back,â⬠she said abruptly. She stood up and strode across to a quiet corner of the cafe. Producing a cell phone from that magic purse of hers, she turned her back to the room and made a call. Iââ¬â¢d polished off my chicken by then and helped myself to some of her fries since it was looking less and less like she was going to do anything with them. As I ate, I pondered the possibilities before me, wondering if finding Dimitriââ¬â¢s town would really be this simple. And once I was thereâ⬠¦ would it be simple then? Would he be there, living in the shadows and hunting prey? And when faced with him, could I really drive my stake into his heart? That unwanted image came to me again, Dimitri with red eyes and ââ¬Å"Rose?â⬠I blinked. Iââ¬â¢d totally spaced out, and Sydney was back. She slid back into her spot across from me. ââ¬Å"So, it looks like-â⬠She paused and looked down. ââ¬Å"Did you eat some of my fries?â⬠I had no clue how she knew, seeing as it was such a huge stack. Iââ¬â¢d barely made a dent. Figuring me stealing fries would count as further evidence of being an evil creature of the night, I said glibly, ââ¬Å"No.â⬠She frowned a moment, considering, and then said, ââ¬Å"I do know where this town is. Iââ¬â¢ve been there before.â⬠I straightened up. Holy crap. This was actually going to happen, after all these weeks of searching. Sydney would tell me where this place was, and I could go and try to close this horrible chapter in my life. ââ¬Å"Thank you, thank you so much-ââ¬Å" She held up a hand to silence me, and I noticed then how miserable she looked. ââ¬Å"But Iââ¬â¢m not going to tell you where it is.â⬠My mouth gaped. ââ¬Å"What?â⬠ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m going to take you there myself.â⬠Blood Promise Chapter Two He grabbed her shoulder, jerking her to him. He was fast-they always were-but I was on my game tonight. A swift kick knocked him into a neighboring buildingââ¬â¢s wall and freed Sydney from his grasp. He grunted on impact and slumped to the ground, stunned and surprised. It wasnââ¬â¢t easy to get the drop on a Strigoi, not with their lightning-fast reflexes. Abandoning Sydney, he focused his attention on me, red eyes angry and lips curled back to show his fangs. He sprang up from his fall with that preternatural speed and lunged for me. I dodged him and attempted a punch that he dodged in return. His next blow caught me on the arm, and I stumbled, just barely keeping my balance. My stake was still clutched in my right hand, but I needed an opening to hit his chest. A smart Strigoi would have angled himself in a way that ruined the line of sight to his heart. This guy was only doing a so-so job, and if I could stay alive long enough, Iââ¬â¢d likely get an opening. Just then, Sydney came up and hit him on the back. It wasnââ¬â¢t a very strong blow, but it startled him. It was my opening. I sprinted as hard as I could, throwing my full weight at him. My stake pierced his heart as we slammed against the wall. It was as simple as that. The life-or undead life or whatever-faded away from him. He stopped moving. I jerked out my stake once I was certain he was dead and watched as his body crumpled to the ground. Just like with every Strigoi Iââ¬â¢d killed lately, I had a momentary surreal feeling. What if this had been Dimitri? I tried to imagine Dimitriââ¬â¢s face on this Strigoi, tried to imagine him lying before me. My heart twisted in my chest. For a split second, the image was there. Then-gone. This was just some random Strigoi. I promptly shook the disorientation off and reminded myself that I had important things to worry about here. I had to check on Sydney. Even with a human, my protective nature couldnââ¬â¢t help but kick in. ââ¬Å"Are you okay?â⬠She nodded, looking shaken but otherwise unharmed. ââ¬Å"Nice work,â⬠she said. She sounded as though she were forcibly trying to sound confident. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ve neverâ⬠¦ Iââ¬â¢ve never actually seen one of them killedâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ I couldnââ¬â¢t imagine how she would have, but then, I didnââ¬â¢t get how she knew about any of this stuff in the first place. She looked like she was in shock, so I took her arm and started to lead her away. ââ¬Å"Come on, letââ¬â¢s get out to where thereââ¬â¢s more people.â⬠Strigoi lurking near the Nightingale wasnââ¬â¢t that crazy of an idea, the more I thought about it. What better place to stalk Moroi than at one of their hangouts? Though, hopefully, most guardians would have enough sense to keep their charges out of alleys like this. The suggestion of departure snapped Sydney out of her daze. ââ¬Å"What?â⬠she exclaimed. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re just going to leave him too?â⬠I threw up my hands. ââ¬Å"What do you expect me to do? I guess I can move him behind those trash cans and then let the sun incinerate him. Thatââ¬â¢s what I usually do.â⬠ââ¬Å"Right. And what if someone shows up to take out the trash? Or comes out of one of these back doors?â⬠ââ¬Å"Well, I can hardly drag him off. Or set him on fire. A vampire barbecue would kind of attract some attention, donââ¬â¢t you think?â⬠Sydney shook her head in exasperation and walked over to the body. She made a face as she looked down at the Strigoi and reached into her large leather purse. From it, she produced a small vial. With a deft motion, she sprinkled the vialââ¬â¢s contents over the body and then quickly stepped back. Where the drops had hit his corpse, yellow smoke began to curl away. The smoke slowly moved outward, spreading horizontally rather than vertically until it cocooned the Strigoi entirely. Then it contracted and contracted until it was nothing but a fist-size ball. In a few seconds, the smoke drifted off entirely, leaving an innocuous pile of dust behind. ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re welcome,â⬠said Sydney flatly, still giving me a disapproving look. ââ¬Å"What the hell was that?â⬠I exclaimed. ââ¬Å"My job. Can you please call me the next time this happens?â⬠She started to turn away. ââ¬Å"Wait! I canââ¬â¢t call you-I have no idea who you are.â⬠She glanced back at me and brushed blond hair out of her face. ââ¬Å"Really? Youââ¬â¢re serious, arenââ¬â¢t you? I thought you were all taught about us when you graduated.â⬠ââ¬Å"Oh, well. Funny thingâ⬠¦ I kind of, uh, didnââ¬â¢t graduate.â⬠Sydneyââ¬â¢s eyes widened. ââ¬Å"You took down one of thoseâ⬠¦ thingsâ⬠¦ but never graduated?â⬠I shrugged, and she remained silent for several seconds. Finally, she sighed again and said, ââ¬Å"I guess we need to talk.â⬠Did we ever. Meeting her had to be the strangest thing that had happened to me since coming to Russia. I wanted to know why she thought I should have been in contact with her and how sheââ¬â¢d dissolved that Strigoi corpse. And, as we returned to the busy streets and walked toward a cafe she liked, it occurred to me that if she knew about the Moroi world, there might be a chance she also knew where Dimitriââ¬â¢s village was. Dimitri. There he was again, popping back into my mind. I had no clue if he really would be lurking near his hometown, but I had nothing else to go on at this point. Again, that weird feeling came over me. My mind blurred Dimitriââ¬â¢s face with that of the Strigoi Iââ¬â¢d just killed: pale skin, red ringed eyesâ⬠¦ No, I sternly told myself. Donââ¬â¢t focus on that yet. Donââ¬â¢t panic. Until I faced Dimitri the Strigoi, I would gain the most strength from remembering the Dimitri I loved, with his deep brown eyes, warm hands, fierce embraceâ⬠¦ ââ¬Å"Are you okayâ⬠¦ um, whatever your name is?â⬠Sydney was staring at me strangely, and I realized weââ¬â¢d come to a halt in front of a restaurant. I didnââ¬â¢t know what look I wore on my face, but it must have been enough to raise even her attention. Until now, my impression as we walked had been that she wanted to speak to me as little as possible. ââ¬Å"Yeah, yeah, fine,â⬠I said brusquely, putting on my guardian face. ââ¬Å"And Iââ¬â¢m Rose. Is this the place?â⬠It was. The restaurant was bright and cheery, albeit a far cry from the Nightingaleââ¬â¢s opulence. We slid into a black leather-by which I mean fake plastic leather-booth, and I was delighted to see the menu had both American and Russian food. The listings were translated into English, and I nearly drooled when I saw fried chicken. I was starving after not eating at the club, and the thought of deep-fried meat was luxurious after weeks of cabbage dishes and so-called McDonaldââ¬â¢s. A waitress arrived, and Sydney ordered in fluent Russian, whereas I just pointed at the menu. Huh. Sydney was just full of surprises. Considering her harsh attitude, I expected her to interrogate me right away, but when the waitress left, Sydney remained quiet, simply playing with her napkin and avoiding eye contact. It was so strange. She was definitely uncomfortable around me. Even with the table between us, it was like she couldnââ¬â¢t get far enough away. Yet her earlier outrage hadnââ¬â¢t been faked, and sheââ¬â¢d been adamant about me following whatever these rules of hers were. Well, she might have been playing coy, but I had no such hesitation about busting into uncomfortable topics. In fact, it was kind of my trademark. ââ¬Å"So, are you ready to tell me who you are and whatââ¬â¢s going on?â⬠Sydney looked up. Now that we were in brighter light, I could see that her eyes were brown. I also noticed that she had an interesting tattoo on her lower left cheek. The ink looked like gold, something Iââ¬â¢d never seen before. It was an elaborate design of flowers and leaves and was only really visible when she tilted her head certain ways so that the gold caught the light. ââ¬Å"I told you,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m an Alchemist.â⬠ââ¬Å"And I told you, I donââ¬â¢t know what that is. Is it some Russian word?â⬠It didnââ¬â¢t sound like one. A half-smile played on her lips. ââ¬Å"No. I take it youââ¬â¢ve never heard of alchemy either?â⬠I shook my head, and she propped her chin up with her hand, eyes staring down at the table again. She swallowed, like she was bracing herself, and then a rush of words came out. ââ¬Å"Back in the Middle Ages, there were these people who were convinced that if they found the right formula or magic, they could turn lead into gold. Unsurprisingly, they couldnââ¬â¢t. This didnââ¬â¢t stop them from pursuing all sorts of other mystical and supernatural stuff, and eventually they did find something magical.â⬠She frowned. ââ¬Å"Vampires.â⬠I thought back to my Moroi history classes. The Middle Ages were when our kind really started pulling away from humans, hiding out and keeping to ourselves. That was the time when vampires truly became myth as far as the rest of the world was concerned, and even Moroi were regarded as monsters worth hunting. Sydney verified my thoughts. ââ¬Å"And that was when the Moroi began to stay away. They had their magic, but humans were starting to outnumber them. We still do.â⬠That almost brought a smile to her face. Moroi sometimes had trouble conceiving, whereas humans seemed to have too easy a time. ââ¬Å"And the Moroi made a deal with the Alchemists. If the Alchemists would help Moroi and dhampirs and their societies stay secret from humans, the Moroi would give us these.â⬠She touched the golden tattoo. ââ¬Å"What is that?â⬠I asked. ââ¬Å"I mean, aside from the obvious.â⬠She gently stroked it with her fingertips and didnââ¬â¢t bother hiding the sarcasm when she spoke. ââ¬Å"My guardian angel. Itââ¬â¢s actually gold andâ⬠-she grimaced and dropped her hand-ââ¬Å"Moroi blood, charmed with water and earth.â⬠ââ¬Å"What?â⬠My voice came out too loud, and some people in the restaurant turned to look at me. Sydney continued speaking, her tone much lower and very bitter. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m not thrilled about it, but itââ¬â¢s our ?à ®rewardââ¬â¢ for helping you guys. The water and earth bind it to our skin and give us the same traits Moroi have well, a couple of them. I almost never get sick. Iââ¬â¢ll live a long life.â⬠ââ¬Å"I guess that sounds good,â⬠I said uncertainly. ââ¬Å"Maybe for some. We donââ¬â¢t have a choice. This ?à ®careerââ¬â¢ is a family thing-it gets passed down. We all have to learn about Moroi and dhampirs. We work connections among humans that let us cover up for you since we can move around more freely. Weââ¬â¢ve got tricks and techniques to get rid of Strigoi bodies-like that potion you saw. In return, though, we want to stay apart from you as much as we can-which is why most dhampirs arenââ¬â¢t told about us until they graduate. And Moroi hardly ever.â⬠She abruptly stopped. I guessed the lesson was over. My head was reeling. I had never, never considered anything like this-wait. Had I? Most of my education had emphasized the physical aspects of being a guardian: watchfulness, combat, etc. Yet every so often Iââ¬â¢d heard vague references to those out in the human world who would help hide Moroi or get them out of weird and dangerous situations. Iââ¬â¢d never thought much about it or heard the term Alchemist. If I had stayed in school, maybe I would have. This probably wasnââ¬â¢t an idea I should have suggested, but my nature couldnââ¬â¢t help it. ââ¬Å"Why keep the charm to yourselves? Why not share it with the human world?â⬠ââ¬Å"Because thereââ¬â¢s an extra part to its power. It stops us from speaking about your kind in a way that would endanger or expose them.â⬠A charm that bound them from speakingâ⬠¦ that sounded suspiciously like compulsion. All Moroi could use compulsion a little, and most could put some of their magic into objects to give them certain properties. Moroi magic had changed over the years, and compulsion was regarded as an immoral thing now. I was guessing this tattoo was an old, old spell that had come down through the centuries. I replayed the rest of what Sydney had said, more questions spinning in my head. ââ¬Å"Whyâ⬠¦ why do you want to stay away from us? I mean, not that Iââ¬â¢m looking to become BFFs or anythingâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ââ¬Å"Because itââ¬â¢s our duty to God to protect the rest of humanity from evil creatures of the night.â⬠Absentmindedly, her hand went to something at her neck. It was mostly covered by her jacket, but a parting of her collar briefly revealed a golden cross. My initial reaction to that was unease, seeing as I wasnââ¬â¢t very religious. In fact, I was never entirely comfortable around those who were hard-core believers. Thirty seconds later, the full impact of the rest of her words sank in. ââ¬Å"Wait a minute,â⬠I exclaimed indignantly. ââ¬Å"Are you talking about all of us-dhampirs and Moroi? Weââ¬â¢re all evil creatures of the night?â⬠Her hands dropped from the cross, and she didnââ¬â¢t respond. ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢re not like Strigoi!â⬠I snapped. Her face stayed bland. ââ¬Å"Moroi drink blood. Dhampirs are the unnatural offspring of them and humans.â⬠No one had ever called me unnatural before, except for the time I put ketchup on a taco. But seriously, weââ¬â¢d been out of salsa, so what else was I supposed to do? ââ¬Å"Moroi and dhampirs are not evil,â⬠I told Sydney. ââ¬Å"Not like Strigoi.â⬠ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s true,â⬠she conceded. ââ¬Å"Strigoi are more evil.â⬠ââ¬Å"Hey, thatââ¬â¢s not what I-ââ¬Å" The food arrived just then, and the fried chicken was almost enough to distract me from the outrage of being compared to a Strigoi. Mostly all it did was delay me from responding immediately to her claims, and I bit into the golden crust and nearly melted then and there. Sydney had ordered a cheeseburger and fries and nibbled her food delicately. After taking down an entire chicken leg, I was finally able to resume the argument. ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢re not like Strigoi at all. Moroi donââ¬â¢t kill. You have no reason to be afraid of us.â⬠Again, I wasnââ¬â¢t keen on cozying up to humans. None of my kind were, not with the way humans tended to be trigger-happy and ready to experiment on anything they didnââ¬â¢t understand. ââ¬Å"Any human who learns about you will inevitably learn about Strigoi,â⬠she said. She was playing with her fries but not actually eating them. ââ¬Å"Knowing about Strigoi might enable humans to protect themselves, though.â⬠Why the hell was I playing devilââ¬â¢s advocate here? She finished toying with a fry and dropped it back on her plate. ââ¬Å"Perhaps. But there are a lot of people who would be tempted by the thought of immortality-even at the cost of serving Strigoi in exchange for being turned into a creature from hell. Youââ¬â¢d be surprised at how a lot of humans respond when they learn about vampires. Immortalityââ¬â¢s a big draw-despite the evil that goes with it. A lot of humans who learn about Strigoi will try to serve them, in the hopes of eventually being turned.â⬠ââ¬Å"Thatââ¬â¢s insane-â⬠I stopped. Last year, weââ¬â¢d discovered evidence of humans helping Strigoi. Strigoi couldnââ¬â¢t touch silver stakes, but humans could, and some had used those stakes to shatter Moroi wards. Had those humans been promised immortality? ââ¬Å"And so,â⬠said Sydney, ââ¬Å"thatââ¬â¢s why itââ¬â¢s best if we just make sure no one knows about any of you. Youââ¬â¢re out there-all of you-and thereââ¬â¢s nothing to be done about it. You do your thing to get rid of Strigoi, and weââ¬â¢ll do ours and save the rest of my kind.â⬠I chewed on a chicken wing and restrained myself from the implied meaning that she was saving her kind from people like me, too. In some ways, what she was saying made sense. It wasnââ¬â¢t possible that we could always move through the world invisibly, and yes, I could admit, it was necessary for someone to dispose of Strigoi bodies. Humans working with Moroi were an ideal choice. Such humans would be able to move around the world freely, particularly if they had the kinds of contacts and connections she kept implying. I froze mid-chew, remembering my earlier thoughts when Iââ¬â¢d first come along with Sydney. I forced myself to swallow and then took a long drink of water. ââ¬Å"Hereââ¬â¢s a question. Do you have contacts all over Russia?â⬠ââ¬Å"Unfortunately,â⬠she said. ââ¬Å"When Alchemists turn eighteen, weââ¬â¢re sent on an internship to get firsthand experience in the trade and make all sorts of connections. I would have rather stayed in Utah.â⬠That was almost crazier than everything else sheââ¬â¢d told me, but I didnââ¬â¢t push it. ââ¬Å"What kind of connections exactly?â⬠She shrugged. ââ¬Å"We track the movements of a lot of Moroi and dhampirs. We also know a lot of high-ranking government officials-among humans and Moroi. If thereââ¬â¢s been a vampire sighting among humans, we can usually find someone important who can pay someone off or whateverâ⬠¦ It all gets swept under the rug.â⬠Track the movements of a lot of Moroi and dhampirs. Jackpot. I leaned in close and lowered my voice. Everything seemed to hinge on this moment. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m looking for a villageâ⬠¦ a village of dhampirs out in Siberia. I donââ¬â¢t know its name.â⬠Dimitri had only ever mentioned its name once, and Iââ¬â¢d forgotten. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s kind of nearâ⬠¦ Om?â⬠ââ¬Å"Omsk,â⬠she corrected. I straightened up. ââ¬Å"Do you know it?â⬠She didnââ¬â¢t answer right away, but her eyes betrayed her. ââ¬Å"Maybe.â⬠ââ¬Å"You do!â⬠I exclaimed. ââ¬Å"You have to tell me where it is. I have to get there.â⬠She made a face. ââ¬Å"Are you going to beâ⬠¦ one of those?â⬠So Alchemists knew about blood whores. No surprise. If Sydney and her associates knew everything else about the vampire world, theyââ¬â¢d know this too. ââ¬Å"No,â⬠I said haughtily. ââ¬Å"I just have to find someone.â⬠ââ¬Å"Who?â⬠ââ¬Å"Someone.â⬠That almost made her smile. Her brown eyes were thoughtful as she munched on another fry. Sheââ¬â¢d only taken two bites out of her cheeseburger, and it was rapidly growing cold. I kind of wanted to eat it myself on principle. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll be right back,â⬠she said abruptly. She stood up and strode across to a quiet corner of the cafe. Producing a cell phone from that magic purse of hers, she turned her back to the room and made a call. Iââ¬â¢d polished off my chicken by then and helped myself to some of her fries since it was looking less and less like she was going to do anything with them. As I ate, I pondered the possibilities before me, wondering if finding Dimitriââ¬â¢s town would really be this simple. And once I was thereâ⬠¦ would it be simple then? Would he be there, living in the shadows and hunting prey? And when faced with him, could I really drive my stake into his heart? That unwanted image came to me again, Dimitri with red eyes and ââ¬Å"Rose?â⬠I blinked. Iââ¬â¢d totally spaced out, and Sydney was back. She slid back into her spot across from me. ââ¬Å"So, it looks like-â⬠She paused and looked down. ââ¬Å"Did you eat some of my fries?â⬠I had no clue how she knew, seeing as it was such a huge stack. Iââ¬â¢d barely made a dent. Figuring me stealing fries would count as further evidence of being an evil creature of the night, I said glibly, ââ¬Å"No.â⬠She frowned a moment, considering, and then said, ââ¬Å"I do know where this town is. Iââ¬â¢ve been there before.â⬠I straightened up. Holy crap. This was actually going to happen, after all these weeks of searching. Sydney would tell me where this place was, and I could go and try to close this horrible chapter in my life. ââ¬Å"Thank you, thank you so much-ââ¬Å" She held up a hand to silence me, and I noticed then how miserable she looked. ââ¬Å"But Iââ¬â¢m not going to tell you where it is.â⬠My mouth gaped. ââ¬Å"What?â⬠ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m going to take you there myself.â⬠Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-82083622493209932832020-02-13T07:36:00.001-08:002020-02-13T07:36:01.883-08:00Republic of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 wordsRepublic of China - Essay Example What makes all of this even more amazing is how little the average westerner knows about the lives, economic, social, and political, of 1.6 billion people. Every now and again, we read in the news about how China offers a great vacation, we see a "Free Tibet" sticker on the back of a car, or we notice that our newest gadget or piece of clothing was made in China. If one reads the right newspapers, they might think that Communist China is on the verge of collapse and massive democratic reforms are just a few years away. Upon closer inspection, however, this is clearly not the case. This paper will argue that the prospects for massive democratic reforms in China are very poor. It will do this by arguing that there is very little internal economic or social impetus for political change and Chinese leaders are unlikely to be swayed by Western Nations into instituting democratic reforms. Despite the fact that the Communist Party in China will remain relatively stable into the foreseeable future, there are still many problems that the party needs to address if it is to maintain it's stronghold in China. One of the primary reasons why one may think that the Communist party is likely to become more democratic in the near future is the success of the economic reforms, which began in 1978. According to Tony Saich, the Chinese government did three very important things in 1978 which would allow for future the future growth of the economy and allow for greater interaction with the rest of the world. First, economic modernization was made central to all party work. Ideology and class struggle were down-played and policy-making became more pragmatic, summed up in the slogan 'practice is the sole criterion for testing truth' and corresponding policy line of 'correcting mistakes wherever they are discovered.' Second, despite the plenum's decision to forget about the past and concentrate on the future, the new 'practice' slogan was used both at the plenum and subsequently to reverse a whole series of previous political judgmentsThird, the plenum formed the source for a new policy direction that gradually increased the influence of market forces in the Chinese economy.4 Of course, the economic reforms were very complex and continue to evolve to this day, and include entry into the World Trade Organization. Whole books have been written about this single process, needless to say, the economic reforms have had a major impact. Author Andrew Walder writes that, China's post-Mao economic reforms have generated rapid and sustained economic growth, unprecedented rises in real income and living standards, and have transformed what was once one of the world's most insular economies into a major trading nation.5 In a speech to the Fourth International Investment Forum, Gregory Chow said Since economic reform started in China in 1978, there has been a remarkable growth in GDP, to the order of 9.5 percent per year on average. What accounts for this tremendous success To answer in one sentence, the Chinese government has adopted institutions and policies that enable the resourceful Chinese people and foreign friends to unleash their energy to develop the Chinese economy. The farmers became energetic and productive since the 1979. The township and village enterprises were the most dynamic element for growth in the 1980s and early 1990s. Many private and foreign Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-84535253942817762012020-02-01T06:08:00.001-08:002020-02-01T06:08:01.729-08:00An essay about one of the subject listed, please readAn about one of the subject listed, please read - Essay Example The growing clamor for U. S. intervention cites the massacre of unarmed civilians, including women and children. The Assad regime is sinking to new levels of authoritarian brutality, with its use of helicopter gunships and arbitrary arrests. But it is to be kept in mind that when aerial bombing is ruled out, because of the risk of high civilian casualties, what remains is the prospect of American boots on the ground. With the unresolved quagmire of Iraq and Afghanistan looming in the background, the call for U.S. action is premature to say the least. Using a practical frame of reference, we must admit that, unlike Libya, Syria is not rich in natural resources. The only justification for America to send its troops into the midst of an escalating civil war is the humanitarian obligation. From the World Wars to the Balkans, Americans have done their share in sacrificing their lives for the cause of world democracy and justice. America consistently shoulders the major burden of all NATO commitments. It is time that other countries accept responsibility in ensuring peace. President Obama is correct in his stand to let the U.N. explore various other options in Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-58560076036700964112020-01-24T02:31:00.001-08:002020-01-24T02:31:02.124-08:00Formal Recommendation To Purchase A New ATV Essay -- essays research p Summary This report shows how the maintenance department can increase work efficiency. The improvements will result from purchasing a new ATV. à à à à à This report focuses on the aspects of purchasing a new ATV to reach the maintenance departmentââ¬â¢s goal. The evaluating criteria include: rack capacity, towing capacity, ground clearance, fuel capacity, and cost. To improve the work efficiency of the maintenance department, the 2000 Yamaha Grizzly should be purchased. INTRODUCTION This report recommends the purchase of a new four wheel drive ATV. Using the internet for resources, the choice has been narrowed to two: 2000 Yamaha Grizzly and 2000 Honda Foreman ES. à à à à à Each ATV has been evaluated using the following criteria, in descending order of importance. à à à à à ■à à à à à Rack Capacity à à à à à ■à à à à à Towing Capacity à à à à à ■à à à à à Ground Clearance à à à à à ■à à à à à Fuel Capacity à à à à à ■à à à à à Cost The current 1987 model ATV does not meet the new required standards for the maintenance department. The 1987 model ATV does not have a front cargo rack and the rear cargo rack has a maximum capacity of only 75 lbs. The towing capacity for the 1987 model ATV cannot exceed 500 lbs. Ground clearance for the current ATV is a mere 5 in. The fuel capacity for the current ATV is just 1.9 gal. Table 1 (shown below) shows the standard for each criteria. __________________________________________________________________________ Table 1. New Standard Criteria vs. Current ATV __________________________________________________________________________ Criteria Standard Current ATV Rack Capacityà à à à à à à à à à à à à à à 75 lbs/150 lbs 0 lbs/75 lbs (front/rear) Towing Capacity 800 lbs 500 lbs Ground Clearance 7.5 in 6.5 in Fuel Capacity Largest 1.9 gal Cost Cheapest N/A __________________________________________________________________________ DISCUSSION In each of the following criteria sections the desired standard for the two ATVââ¬â¢s being compared will be stated. The information p... ...nbsp;à à 30 March 2000. ââ¬Å"Grizzly Information.â⬠Yamaha. 2 pages. Online. Dogpile. Available: à à à à à à à à à à http://www.yamaha-motor.com/atv/grizzly/info.html. 30 March 2000 ââ¬Å"Honda Fourtrax Foreman ES-Honda ATVs for 2000!â⬠off-road. 4 pages. Online. Dogpile. à à à à à à à à à à Available: http://www.off-road.com/atv/honda2000/TRX450ES.html. 30 March 2000. ââ¬Å"Honda Motorcycles Models.â⬠ATVS. 1 page. Online. Dogpile. Available: à à à à à à à à à à http://www.atvs.com/models/print.html?category=atv&model_name=FourTrax_Foreman_ES. à à à à à à à à à à 30 March 2000 ââ¬Å"Honda Motorcycles: 300EX Engineering.â⬠HondaMotorcycle. 1 page. Online. Dogpile. Available: à à à à à à à à à à http://www.hondamotorcycle.com/models/atv/foreman_es/eng2.html. 30 March 2000 ââ¬Å"2000 Grizzly Specifications.â⬠Yamaha-motor. 2 pages. Online. Dogpile. Available: à à à à à à à à à à http://www.yamaha-motor.com/atv/grizzly/specs.html. 30 March 2000 Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-11911888395285861612020-01-15T22:52:00.001-08:002020-01-15T22:52:04.047-08:00Premchandââ¬â¢s Goodan and Dickens Hard Times EssayThere is always unremitting impression which brings Premchandââ¬â¢s Goodan and Dickens Hard Times in framework as an entirety. Goodan which was written 1936, in a nutshell travels on the apprehension of a life of a farmer, most importantly oppression in the hand of class structure. As a critic points out the life of Indian village and the farmer seems to be trapped in the net woven by the landlords, moneylenders and police i. e. suggesting double standard of the capitalists. Dickens correspondingly voices social injustice and problem in the capitalist framework most importantly oppression of the lower class by the upper class. A critic suggested that both the writers Premchand and Dickens primarily concerns to voicing the social reform, consciously trying to draw a balance between idealism and realism as a whole. In Hard Times which was written in 1854, depicted Victorian industrial society, and formulated a troop of radical critique of industrial England. Siengfried A.à Schulz in his book ââ¬Å"Premchand : a western appraisalâ⬠provided mainly three proposition drawn between Hard times and Goodan. In Hard Times : 1) Injustice 2) Oppression of the poor by the upper class 3) Attack on the economic theorist, utilitarian. Again, in case of Goodan he proposes 1) deeply intrigued on the Question of Dharma. 2) Oppression of the poor by the rich. 3) Confinement of Premchand to depict the ugly aspect of Indian society. If we closely observe there seems to struggle between two world : world of fancy and world of factualism in Hard Times and world of village and city in Goodan. Goodan presents the life of Hori and his inclination towards religious ritual i. e. Goodan and his unable to forsake the concept of his dharma and his life is doomed due to his adherence to it. The use of the term Dharma by Premchand gives the impression of a hollow ring suggesting hypocritical too. Hori, hopes that all other would understand and naturally adhere to a traditional code of conduct, but his attitude is not reciprocated. This also gives a vibrant picture of problem of social hierarchy as a whole. In Hard Times too, the fact oriented ideology of the characters like Gradgrind and Bounderby can be seen as they opposed any kind of fancy or imagination. Dickens represents utilitarian concept of adherence to ââ¬Ëfactââ¬â¢ which is dominant in the novel. Again, a critic points out that the marriage between Lusia- Bounderby can be connected with the character of Hori, as he too maries his elder daughter in marriage to an elderly man, but the difference according to him is that it is Horiââ¬â¢s helplessness and misery that drives him towards this decision. Some critic even points out that Premchandââ¬â¢s bringing out of this concept of marriage gives a parallel treatment of marriage as a whole for the western as well as Indian society. Through Hori, Premchand reveals the prospect of Indian farmers giving a warning that life of misery would continue until there is no change in the approach of Indian farmers towards his environment. Through Gradgrind and Bounderby, Dickens produced his product of representing the contemporary purely materialistic, scientifically bent utilitarian theory. A critic posts Goodan far ahead of Hard Times as it seems more realistic then Hard Times. There is many instances like the Gradgrindââ¬â¢s giving shelter to Sissy Jupe, and Horiââ¬â¢s giving shelter to Siliya which proposed Siegfriedââ¬â¢s attempt of convincing that there can be possibility of borrowing ideas by Premchand Form Dickens. Again, there is also a possible analogy between lives of Stephen and Hori as both had extreme faith in life and simplicity and honesty are almost akin to Horiââ¬â¢s dharma. Even their death brings out similarity as both dies with desires that are not fulfilled. Stephenââ¬â¢s fall symbolizes the destruction of the working class by industrial upper class and Horiââ¬â¢s death indicates defeat of the Indian peasant in the face of unbearable odd. There can be similar parallel between characters like Stephen- Richel and Mehta and Malti in Goodan. Both limited roles, suggesting extra-marital affair. Through these characters Premchand represented the immergence of free thinking society. Mehta and Malti exposes Premchandââ¬â¢s idealism and Dickens depicted realistic form through Stephen and Richel. Premchand posesthe concept of westernization in the cities as well as Malti becomes the target of his sarcasm and satire too in Goodan. At last Tom and Gobar poises two portal of articulation as Tom suggests natural and nasty influence of the fact ââ¬â oriented society. Gobar seems to be burdened by the approach of younger generation. Tom, like Gobar becomes the link betwwn the two worlds. Dickens seems to be hopeful but Premchand exposes his pessimism, his loss of faith in the ability of the Indian psyche to overcome change. This voices the two writers concern in reforming society. ââ¬Å"No matter how far youââ¬â¢ve gone down the wrong road, turn back. â⬠ââ¬â Turkish Proverb Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-26737497024406425782020-01-07T19:15:00.001-08:002020-01-07T19:15:02.746-08:00Childhood During Early American Literature - 1447 Words Brent Beebe Dr. Cari Keebaugh Lit-210-OL1 10/06/2017 Childhood in early American literature: In the early part of American history literature played a significant role in defining on how America would be shaped and molded. For the Puritans, coming to America provided the opportunity to express their opinions and beliefs. This opportunity was what they had been striving for and finally had the chance to implement. The Puritans took full advantage of this opportunity and utilized literature to provide values and rules to be followed. The literature written heavily influenced how people lived and made decisions as they went about their daily lives. Most importantly, the Puritans recognized that if they wanted to sustain what they had createdâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Children were constantly reminded of the impending doom that would overtake them if they did not listen to the rules or follow the Puritan beliefs. Literature was an instrumental tool used in teaching those beliefs and values to children. The texts children read provided a pathway and an understanding of what w as expected of them to their roles amongst society. The first texts written for Children and about Childhood were rigid and were more focused on religion. For example, In the New England Primer ââ¬Å"Verses for Little Childrenâ⬠the value of loyalty is taught. More specifically is that absolute loyalty to God is required. ââ¬Å"He gives me life, he gives me breath, And he can save my soul from death. By Jesus Christ, my only Lord, Aecordingr to his holy wordâ⬠(New England Primer). The lesson being taught is that God controls your destiny and that one must remain faithful if one wants to remain in good standing with God. This lesson is further reinforced by the following passage ââ¬Å"Though I am young, yet I may die, And hasten to eternity. There is dreadful fiery hell, Where wicked ones must dwell. There is a heaven, full of joy, Where godly ones will always stay (New England primer). Another value that was taught was the importance of productivity and hard work. As mentioned before children needed to be productive othe rwise the likelihood of a family not succumbing to failure was very low. In the New England Primer ââ¬Å"Verses forShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Innovators of American Literature1066 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Innovators of American Literature From their critical assessments on how to improve themselves and to the American public that they influenced by their writings, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin illustrate American themes in their personal narratives that quintessentially make part of American Literature. Although they lived in different times during the early development of the United States of America and wrote for different purposes, they share common themes. Their influenceRead MoreAnalysis Of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie The Dangers Of A Single Story 986 Words à |à 4 Pagesvarious literature is crucial in avoiding the dangers of a single story because literature allows readers access to the immense library of knowledge from millions of writers. Readers have the privilege to see the world from thousands of different perspectives which allow individuals to immerse in a world from the authorââ¬â¢s point of view and reflect upon their own lives. Consequently, readers make better decisions and are more open -minded compared to individuals who do not study the literature. StudyingRead MoreHow it Feels to be Colored Me by Hurston and Hughesââ¬â¢ The Negro Mother1229 Words à |à 5 PagesZora Neale Hurston vs Langston Hughes on the African American Experience Both Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes were great writers but their attitudes towards their personal experience as an African American differed in many ways. These differences can be attributed to various reasons that range from gender to life experience but even though they had different perceptions regarding the African American experience, they both shared one common goal, racial equality through art. To accuratelyRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Analysis1434 Words à |à 6 PagesAmerican literature is full of classic novels containing heroic protagonists; Holden Caulfield of The Catcher in the Rye is not one of these classic heroes. The article Some Crazy Cliff by Arthur Heiserman and James E. Miller Jr. provides one interpretation of the novel suggesting that the protagonist is unique compared to others commonly found in American literature; most heroes are seeking acceptance while Holden is seeking something within the society he is trying to leave. The novel follows HoldenR ead MoreGraduation Speech : The Achievement Gap1182 Words à |à 5 Pages REVIEW OF LITERATURE Introduction The achievement gap is a term that has evolved over the past decades to describe the academic achievement primarily between racially, culturally, and linguistically marginalized and poor families and other students (Nieto, 2010). Barton (2004) asserted that the basic rights to equal school access eventually became a reality, but that equal access had not led to equal achievement. Imagine an elementary school where all teachers are able to differentiate theirRead MoreBenjamin Franklin : Self Improvement923 Words à |à 4 PagesSelf-improvement Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston into a traditional Puritan household and he grew up in morals and ideas of Americaââ¬â¢s first European settlers that affected Franklin when he is a child. ââ¬Å"My parents had early given me religious impressions, and brought me through my childhood piously in the Dissenting way.â⬠and ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ my mind with regard to my principles and moralsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Page 43) He lived in a time of tumultuous changes that his character and thought were shaped by a blending of Puritan heritageRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1166 Words à |à 5 Pagesbetween ADHD to substance use and abuse, during childhood and adolescence, since it is such an important developmental stage in life. ââ¬Å"Substance abuse disorder is defined as a physical dependence, abuse of, and withdrawal from drugs and other substances.â⬠(Biederman, 1999) The prevalence of substance use and substance abuse in recent years is a cause for conce rn and has been a matter of public and scientific debate. There is considerable amounts of literature on the risks of substance abuse among thoseRead MoreThe Impact Of Haruki Murakami On The World War II939 Words à |à 4 Pagesborn after the war and grew up in a Japanese society marked by war. Even after the war had ended, the feelings had not disappeared. Japanese literature was stained with themes of devastation and war. The stereotype put on the Japanese also made it more difficult for them to find places in society. Murakami had a harder time becoming part of mainstream literature because he was of Japanese heritage. Another important event was the rise of the United States as a world power. The new power began to influenceRead MoreRita Louise Erdrichs Indian Boarding School : The Runaways1684 Words à |à 7 PagesThroughout the history of the Native Americans, no one has suffered more because of the white manââ¬â¢s atrocity than the children of the Indians. 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In order to Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-30441887214163820942019-12-30T15:40:00.001-08:002019-12-30T15:40:04.485-08:00Finance Essays - Foreign Exchange Currency - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2996 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Foreign Exchange Currency The term foreign exchange is normally used to denote foreign currency surrendered or asked for in any of its current forms, i.e. a currency note or a negotiable instrument or transfer of funds through cable or mail transfer or a letter of credit transaction requiring sale and purchase of foreign exchange or conversion of one currency into another, either at the local center or an overseas center. The banks, dealing in for exchange and providing facilities for conversion of one currency into another or vice versa are known as Authorized Dealers or Dealers in Foreign Exchange. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Finance Essays Foreign Exchange Currency" essay for you Create order A bank is said to buy or sell foreign exchange when it handles the claims drawn in foreign currency or the actual legal tender money, i.e., foreign currency notes and coins of other countries. The theory of Foreign exchange covers different means and methods by which the claims expressed in terms of one currency are converted into another currency and specifically deal with the rates at which such conversion takes place. With partial or complete exchange control, as exercised by countries since World War II exchange markets are no longer free. Exchange rates today are not entirely determined by market forces but are officially fixed and maintained by Central Forex Markets The foreign exchange market, like the market for any other commodity, comprises of buyers and sellers of foreign currencies. The operations in the foreign exchange market originate in the requirements of customers for making remittances to and receiving them from other countries. But the bulk of transactions take place among banks dealing in foreign exchange for their own requirements as they do cover operations. Banks undertake large and frequent deals with other banks through the agency of Exchange Brokers, and it is these deals which give the market its significance. In addition, there are other transactions which take place in the foreign exchange market. All transactions of the exchange market may be divided into five categories: Transactions between banks and their customers. Transactions between different banks in the same centre. Dealings between banks in a country and their correspondents, and overseas branches. The purchase and sale of currencies between the central bank of a country and the commercial banks. The transactions of the central banks of one country, with central banks of other countries. There is not much difference between one market and another as far as the international transaction between markets at different centres is concerned. But local dealings, among members of the same market are organized in two different forms. One of them is the pattern adopted in Great Britain, U.S. A. and some other countries, where foreign exchange dealers never meet each other but transact business through a network of telephone lines linking the banks, with exchange brokers who act as intermediaries. In India also the foreign exchange market is organized on these lines. The other type is the markets in countries of Western Europe, where the dealers in Foreign exchange meet on every working day at a meeting place for business proposals-They fix the exchange rates for certain kind of business particularly with-customers. The foreign exchange markets in these countries are like commodity exchange or stock exchange. However, the global important of these markets, is comparatively small. ( Bhalla, V.K (june 2000). International Finance Management. 6th ed. New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers ) Indian Foreign Exchange Market A Historical Perspective The evolution of Indiarsquo;s foreign exchange market may be viewed in line with the shifts in Indiarsquo;s exchange rate policies over the last few decades from a par value system to a basket-peg and further to a managed float exchange rate system. During the period from 1947 to 1971, India followed the par value system of exchange rate. Initially the rupeersquo;s external par value was fixed at 4.15 grains of fine gold. The Reserve Bank maintained the par value of the rupee within the permitted margin of plusmn;1 per cent using pound sterling as the intervention currency. Since the sterling-dollar exchange rate was kept stable by the US monetary authority, the exchange rates of rupee in terms of gold as well as the dollar and other currencies were indirectly kept stable. The devaluation of rupee in September 1949 and June 1966 in terms of gold resulted in the reduction of the par value of rupee in terms of gold to 2.88 and 1.83 grains of fine gold, respectively. The exchange r ate of the rupee remained unchanged between 1966 and 1971. Given the fixed exchange regime during this period, the foreign exchange market for all practical purposes was defunct. Banks were required to undertake only cover operations and maintain a lsquo;squarersquo; or lsquo;near squarersquo; position at all times. The objective of exchange controls was primarily to regulate the demand for foreign exchange for various purposes, within the limit set by the available supply. The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act initially enacted in 1947 was placed on a permanent basis in 1957. In terms of the provisions of the Act, the Reserve Bank, and in certain cases, the Central Government controlled and regulated the dealings in foreign exchange payments outside India, export and import of currency notes and bullion, transfers of securities between residents and non-residents, acquisition of foreign securities. ( Sukumar,N (1996). international finance: the Indian perspective. 3rd ed. Pune: National Institute of Bank Management. ) With the breakdown of the Bretton Woods System in 1971 and the floatation of major currencies, the conduct of exchange rate policy posed a serious challenge to all central banks world wide as currency fluctuations opened up tremendous opportunities for market players to trade in currencies in a borderless market. In December 1971, the rupee was linked with pound sterling. Since sterling was fixed in terms of US dollar under the Smithsonian Agreement of 1971, the rupee also remained stable against dollar. In order to overcome the weaknesses associated with a single currency peg and to ensure stability of the exchange rate, the rupee, with effect from September 1975, was pegged to a basket of currencies. The currency selection and weights assigned were left to the discretion of the Reserve Bank. The currencies included in the basket as well as their relative weights were kept confidential in order to discourage speculation. It was around this time that banks in India became interested in trading in foreign exchange. The impetus to trading in the foreign exchange market in India came in 1978 when banks in India were allowed by the Reserve Bank to undertake intra-day trading in foreign exchange and were required to comply with the stipulation of maintaining lsquo;squarersquo; or lsquo;near squarersquo; position only at the close of business hours each day. The extent of position which could be left uncovered overnight (the open position) as well as the limits up to which dealers could trade during the day was to be decided by the management of banks. The exchange rate of the rupee during this period was officially determined by the Reserve Bank in terms of a weighted basket of currencies of Indiarsquo;s major trading partners and the exchange rate regime was characterized by daily announcement by the Reserve Bank of its buying and selling rates to the Authorized Dealers (ADs) for undertaking merchant transactio ns. The spread between the buying and the selling rates was 0.5 per cent and the market began to trade actively within this range. ADs were also permitted to trade in cross currencies (one convertible foreign currency versus another). However, no lsquo;positionrsquo; in this regard could originate in overseas markets. As opportunities to make profits began to emerge, major banks in India started quoting two-way prices against the rupee as well as in cross currencies and, gradually, trading volumes began to increase. This led to the adoption of widely different practices (some of them being irregular) and the need was felt for a comprehensive set of guidelines for operation of banks engaged in foreign exchange business. Accordingly, the lsquo;Guidelines for Internal Control over Foreign Exchange Businessrsquo;, were framed for adoption by the banks in 1981. The foreign exchange market in India till the early 1990s, however, remained highly regulated with restrictions on externa l transactions, barriers to entry, low liquidity and high transaction costs. The exchange rate during this period was managed mainly for facilitating Indiarsquo;s imports. The strict control on foreign exchange transactions through the Foreign Exchange Regulations Act (FERA) had resulted in one of the largest and most efficient parallel markets for foreign exchange in the world, i.e., the hawala (unofficial) market. ( siddiki, J (1998). ; Black market exchange rates in India, an empirical analysis. surrey: kingston upon thames, faculty of human science, kingston university. ) Formative Period: 1978-1992 By the late 1980s and the early 1990s, it was recognized that both macroeconomic policy and structural factors had contributed to balance of payments difficulties. Devaluations by Indiarsquo;s competitors had aggravated the situation. Although exports had recorded a higher growth during the second half of the 1980s (from about 4.3 per cent of GDP in 1987-88 to about 5.8 per cent of GDP in 1990-91), trade imbalances persisted at around 3 per cent of GDP. This combined with a precipitous fall in invisible receipts in the form of private remittances, travel and tourism earnings in the year 1990-91 led to further widening of current account deficit. The weaknesses in the external sector were accentuated by the Gulf crisis of 1990-91. As a result, the current account deficit widened to 3.2 per cent of GDP in 1990-91 and the capital flows also dried up necessitating the adoption of exceptional corrective steps. It was against this backdrop that India embarked on stabilization and structural reforms in the early 1990s. ( Srinivasan, V (2001). Structural changes in the Indian foreign exchange market; an empirical investigation. storrs: Center for International Business Education and Research (CIBER). Post-Reform Period: 1992 onwards This phase was marked by wide ranging reform measures aimed at widening and deepening the foreign exchange market and liberalization of exchange control regimes. A credible macroeconomic, structural and stabilization programmed encompassing trade, industry, foreign investment, exchange rate, public finance and the financial sector was put in place creating an environment conducive for the expansion of trade and investment. It was recognized that trade policies, exchange rate policies and industrial policies should form part of an integrated policy framework to improve the overall productivity, competitiveness and efficiency of the economic system, in general, and the external sector, in particular. As a stabilization measure, a two-step downward exchange rate adjustment by 9 per cent and 11 per cent between July 1 and 3, 1991 was resorted to counter the massive draw down in the foreign exchange reserves, to instill confidence among investors and to improve domestic competitiveness. A two-step adjustment of exchange rate in July 1991 effectively brought to close the regime of a pegged exchan ge rate. After the Gulf crisis in 1990-91, the broad framework for reforms in the external sector was laid out in the Report of the High Level Committee on Balance of Payments (Chairman: Dr. C. Rangarajan). Following the recommendations of the Committee to move towards the market-determined exchange rate, the Liberalized Exchange Rate Management System (LERMS) be put in place in March 1992 initially involving a dual exchange rate system. Under the LERMS, all foreign exchange receipts on current account transactions (exports, remittances, etc.) were required to be surrendered to the Authorized Dealers (ADrsquo;s) in full. The rate of exchange for conversion of 60 per cent of the proceeds of these transactions was the market rate quoted by the ADrsquo;s, while the remaining 40 per cent of the proceeds were converted at the Reserve Bankrsquo;s official rate. The ADrsquo;s, in turn, were required to surrender these 40 per cent of their purchase of foreign currencies to the Reserve Bank. They were free to retain the balance 60 per cent of foreign exchange for selling in the free market for permissible transactions. The LERMS was essentially a transitional mechanism and a downward adjustment in the official exchange rate took place in early December 1992 and ultimate convergence of the dual rates was made effective from March 1, 1993, leading to the introduction of a market-determined exchange rate regime. The dual exchange rate system was replaced by a unified exchange rate system in March 1993, whereby all foreign exchange receipts could be converted at market determined exchange rates. On unification of the exchange rates, the nominal exchange rate of the rupee against both the US dollar as also against a basket of currencies got adjusted lower, which almost nullified the impact of the previous inflation differential. The restrictions on a number of other current account transactions were relaxed. The unification of the exchange rate of the Indian rup ee was an important step towards current account convertibility, which was finally achieved in August 1994, when India accepted obligations under Article VIII of the Articles of Agreement of the IMF. With the rupee becoming fully convertible on all current account transactions, the risk-bearing capacity of banks increased and foreign exchange trading volumes started rising. This was supplemented by wide-ranging reforms undertaken by the Reserve Bank in conjunction with the Government to remove market distortions and deepen the foreign exchange market. The process has been marked by lsquo;gradualismrsquo; with measures being undertaken after extensive consultations with experts and market participants. The reform phase began with the Sodhani Committee (1994), which in its report submitted in 1995 made several recommendations to relax the regulations with a view to vitalizing the foreign exchange market. ( Srinivasan, V (2001). Structural changes in the Indian foreign exchange m arket; an empirical investigation. storrs: Center for International Business Education and Research (CIBER). ( Khasnobis, B (1998). sensitivity of the rupee dollar exchange rate, a VAR analysis. Mumbai: Indira Gandhi institute of development research. ) Indian Foreign Exchange Market The Indian foreign exchange market, broadly concentrated in big cities, is a three-tier market. The first tier covers the transactions between the Reserve Bank and Authorized Dealers (Ads). As per the Foreign Regulation Act, the responsibility and authority of foreign exchange administration is vested with the RBI. It is the apex body in this area and for its own convenience, has delegated its responsibility of foreign exchange transaction functions to Ads, primarily the scheduled commercial banks. They have formed the Foreign Exchange Dealersrsquo; Association of India which framers rules regarding the conduct of business, coordinates with the RBI in the proper administration of foreign exchange control and acts as a clearing house for information among Ads. Besides the commercial banks, there are money- changers operating on the periphery. They are well-established firms and hotels doing this business under license from the RBI. In the first tier of the market, the RBI buys an d sells foreign currency from and to Ads according to the exchange control regulations in force from time to time. Prior to the introduction of the Liberalized Exchange Management System, Ads had to sell foreign currency acquired by them from the primary market at rates administered by the RBI. The latter too sold pounds sterling or US dollars, spot as well as forward, to Ads to cover the latterrsquo;s primary market requirements. But with the unified exchange rate system, the RBI now intervenes in the market to stabilize the value of the rupee. The second of the market is the inter-bank market where Ads transaction business among themselves. They normally do their business within the country, but they can transact business also with overseas bank in order to cover their own position. Through they can do it independently, they do it normally through a recognized broker. The brokers are not allowed to execute any deals on their own account or for the purpose of jobbing. With in the country, the inter-bank transactions can be both sport and forwards. These may be swap transactions. Any permitted currency can be sued. But while dealing with the overseas Ads, because the Indian market lacks depth in other currencies; the Indian banks can deal mainly in two currencies, viz, the US branches must cover only genuine transactions relating to a customer in India or for the purpose of adjusting or squaring the bankrsquo;s own position. Forward trading with overseas banks is also allowed if it is done for the above two purpose, that is for covering genuine transactions or for squaring the currency position, and does not exceed a period of six months. In case the import is made on deferred payment terms and the period exceeds six months, permission has to be obtained from the RBI. Cancellation of forward contracts is allowed in India, although it has to be referred to the RBI. Previously, the banks used to get the forward transactions covered with the RBI, bu t since 1994-95 the RBI has stopped giving this cover and has permitted the banks to trade freely in the forward market. Cancellation of a forward contract involves entering into a reverse transaction at the going rate. Suppose US $1,000 was bough forward on 1 February for three months at Rs. 40/US $. On 1 March, it is cancelled involving selling the US dollar at the rate prevalent on this day. If the exchange rate on 1 March is Rs. 39.50/US $ there will be a loss of Rs. 500 (the dollar sold for Rs. 39.5 minus dollar bought at Rs. 40.00). The loss is borne by the customer. If the value of the US dollar is greater on the cancellation day, the customer shall reap the profit. The third tier of the foreign exchange market is represented by the primary market where Ads transact in foreign currency with the customers. The very existence of this tier is the outcome of the legal provision that all foreign exchange transactions of the Indian residents must take place through Ads. The t ourists exchange currency, exporters and importers exchange currency, and all these transactions come under the primary market. (Pandey, I M (1999). International Finance management. New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers. ) Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-64886457851608551872019-12-22T11:28:00.001-08:002019-12-22T11:28:03.548-08:00Analysis Of The Book Lien - 2038 Words First impressions are everything. When people hear this phrase, many will often associate it with meeting new people. However, this concept can just as easily be applied to literature. Authors put great care into how they describe a character or a setting because the reader has nothing but words off of which to base their perception. This can be problematic if the author is not able to create a compelling enough picture in the readerââ¬â¢s mind, but it can also be used to the authorââ¬â¢s advantage, often by tricking the reader with their words into believing something, and then revealing it to be the opposite. This story, ââ¬Å"Lien,â⬠was created with the intention of exploring the way people perceive reality and how they decide on the true nature of their surroundings, which is accomplished through the use of geographical concepts, intertextual examples found in famous fictional pieces, and descriptive language. In the overall narrative, the main character is lost and is trying to find his way back home. Both he and the readers are never supposed to be sure if he is awake, dreaming, or a little bit of both, which relates to the uncertainty and tricks played by the unconscious, both of which are brought up by the movie, Inception. In this movie, the subject of a dream often does not realize that he is in one, which is a concept the authors of the overall narrative are trying to imitate (ââ¬Å"Inceptionâ⬠2010). In the process of trying to return home, the protagonist ends up at inShow MoreRelatedLakeside Auditing728 Words à |à 3 PagesExercises Exercise 1 Following his discussion with Rogers, Andrews talked briefly with Carole Mitchell concerning the warehouse expansion. She indicated that Art Heyman had already prepared an analysis of the repairs and Maintenance account (see Exhibit 9-4). In addition, based on the debits to the Warehouse account (see Exhibit 9-5) he had located the invoices substantiating the capitalized transactions (see Exhibit 9-7) while reviewing the invoices received by Lakeside subsequent to the end ofRead MoreInternet And Its Impact On Society Essay1388 Words à |à 6 Pagesmore efficient. Though the internet has many advantages, it has brought a lot of negative impact to our society. 1.2 Definition of the internet The word Internet comes from the words ââ¬Å"Interconnection of Networksâ⬠(Greenfield, 1999). According to One book projects, the Internet is a worldwide interconnection of computer networks that transmit information from one place to another using the standard Internet Protocol. It is also knwn as the Net. In order to understand how the internet has an impactRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Our Society Today Essay1502 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe words ââ¬Å"Interconnection of Networksâ⬠(Greenfield, 1999). The Internet is a worldwide interconnection of computer networks that transmit information from one place to another using the standard Internet Protocol. It is also known as the Net (One Book Projects). To understand how the internet has an impact to our day to day lives, one needs to understand its history. 1.3 History of the internet The internet was first conceived in the early 1960 by the Department of Defense in the United statedRead MoreTheory of Title: When Does Title to Real Property Transfer in the State of Arkansas6459 Words à |à 26 Pagescollection of rents. The literature tends to suggest that Arkansas does that follow any particular lien theory and utilizes a combination of each of the three lien theories. The Outline I. Introduction II. General definitions of three theories governing title transfer in United States of America: a. Title theory. b. Lien Theory c. Intermediate theory III General effects of theories in practice a. EffectsRead MoreA Research Project On Credit Risk Management Basic1515 Words à |à 7 PagesThe theoretical framework or theoretical review can be defined as a set of linked idea that facilitate to better understand the content of a research project. ( Investopedia.com) According to Van Gestel and Baesens in their book ââ¬Å"Credit risk management basicâ⬠in order for banks to ensure a good credit risk management and to maximize its profitability it is very important that banks pays particular attention to four practices. Those practices are the selection of a solvable counterparty, limitationRead MoreConstruction Laws And Construction Law2221 Words à |à 9 Pagessome of the types of surety bonds. 4. Construction Liens Construction liens are designed to protect builders, contractors and suppliers from the risk of not being paid for the services they provided. Any professional who has supplied labor and material has to be paid for his services irrespective of the quality of work provided by them. Construction lien ensures that the payment is made. The term construction lien is adopted from Mechanicââ¬â¢s lien which is associated with the automobile industry. WhenRead MoreImplementation Of The Loan Resolution1259 Words à |à 6 Pagesin counseling the borrower we can consider either a short sale or short payoff if the property is worth less than what is owed. Additionally, accepting a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure may be an option if the property is free and clear of any other liens or encumbrances, with the exception of outstanding real estate taxes, or assisting the borrower in disposal of the property if it has been determined the borrower cannot support the debt. The following procedures will be implemented over a 30-dayRead MoreBank Of America Corporation : A Bank Company1127 Words à |à 5 PagesIts merchandise embody fixed- and adjustable-rate first-lien mortgage loans for home purchase and refinancing wants, HELOC and residential equity loans. The worldwide Banking section provides a variety of lending-related merchandise and services, integrated capital management and treasury solutions to purchasers, and underwriting and consultative services. The worldwide Markets section offers sales and commerce services, which has analysis to institutional purchasers across mounted financial gainRead MoreCommercial Liens - a Potent Weapon Essay32374 Words à |à 130 PagesCOMMERCIAL LIENS A MOST POTENT WEAPON Version 1.0 |Edited by Build Freedom staff | |[with acknowledgments and credit to Alfred Adask (Publisher of AntiShyster magazine), Richard Boalbey, David | |DeReimer, and the various lien authors, for providing some of the content] | |(Applicable To The U.S.A.; Adaptable For Some Other Countries) Read MoreEmail Business Environment : The Importance Of Email, And General Guidelines For Professional Use Email1879 Words à |à 8 PagesCommon mistakes made when communicating through email â⬠¢General guidelines for a professional use of email Primary research was no conducted in this project. Secondary research constitutes peer review sources, sources from WSJ, Electronic Library books and periodicals. Results from this research are better discussed in this report. I would be very please to discuss this research report and its conclusions with you at your request. Thank you for your confidence in selecting me to present to you Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-4604543569097441572019-12-14T07:57:00.001-08:002019-12-14T07:57:03.685-08:00A Visit to a Famous City Free Essays A few months ago my father and I visited Singapore, one of the most famous cities in Asia. Singapore, a small island, lies at the southern and of West Malaysia. A long and narrow piece of land joins Singapore with Johore Hahru, the southern-most town of West Malaysia. We will write a custom essay sample on A Visit to a Famous City or any similar topic only for you Order Now Singapore is now an independent state. The city of Singapore is extremely beautiful. It is well known for its centers of business and other activities. There are many places of interest such as the Tiger Balm Garden, the Botanical Gardens and Raffles Museum. There are also many important centers of learning such as the University of Singapore, Science Centre, the Nanyang University and the Polytechnic. Being a famous city, hundreds of people come everyday from various parts of the world to do business or to enjoy the sights of the city. Singapore therefore has large and beautiful airports and its harbors are full of ships. There are many night schools where people who cannot go to the day schools for some reason or other can continue their studies. And, the government of Singapore is still doing its best to make further improvements in the city for the benefit of the people. During my stay in Singapore, I went out everyday with my father to see the beautiful and interesting places and things in the city. One day we went to the Tiger Balm Garden where I saw several statues of people, animals and other strange creature beautifully made and kept. The sea near this garden makes it a pleasant place to visit. We spent almost half of the day at this place. Another day we visited the museum where I saw hundreds of curious things preserved for scholars and others. It was indeed an education to see all those things. There is so much to learn here that every visit by any person is sure to add to his knowledge. I also visited some of the harbors and saw the large ships anchored there. The sight of the ships aroused a desire in me to cross the oceans and go round the world. I was indeed deeply impressed by activities at the harbor. Then every night, I went round the town and visited some of the parks and other places of interest. The numerous lights and the constant stream of traffic kept the city alive. I visited a few of the cinemas as well. In short, I enjoyed every moment of my stay in this famous city of Singapore. How to cite A Visit to a Famous City, Essay examples Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1303948071701008061.post-57468697658971389802019-12-06T04:20:00.001-08:002019-12-06T04:20:05.247-08:00Business Planet and Society Environment Question: Discuss about the Business Planet and Society Environment. Answer: Introduction: The current report is based on the assessment of business values governing a business environment. Universally business ethical values are defined as the set of guiding principles, which encourage individuals in an organisation to undertake decision based on the organisations, stated belief and attitude towards a business practice within its industry (Schrempf et al., 2015). The current report is based on the evaluation of business ethics and social responsibility of Air China and Qantas both operating under the aviation industry but from different country. Air china limited is considered as the chief carrier of the peoples republic of china having its head quarter in Shunyi District, Beijing. Air china established and commenced its business operations during the year 1988 on 1st July. The company carries flight operations largely from the Beijing capital international airport. On the other hand, Qantas, which is considered as the flag carrier airline, company of Australia having the largest airline by fleet size with worldwide flights and worldwide destinations (Investor.qantas. 2017). Qantas is considered as the worlds third oldest airline company in the world following KLM and Avianca. Qantas was founded in Winton, Queensland in the year 1920 as Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial services limited. Differences between the two companies in terms of social issues Community strategy and partnerships Qantas community strategy forms the spirit of Australia. Qantas is committed to the journey of reconciliation, promoting and displaying the best of Australia. Qantas engages its workforces in order to re-enforce their brand values through annual community investment (Cheng et al., 2014). Qantas forms partnerships with organisations, which promotes positive changes to enrich their community. Reducing the use of resources is the primary focus of Qantas towards future planet. Qantas also aims to reduce its dependence on water by 20% by the end of 2020. Other social issues such as it are specifically aimed to reduce the instance of waste to landfill by 30% with 35% reduction in electricity by 2030. Qantas is also focused towards achieving carbon neutral growth by the end of 2030 and aims to cut down its emission by 50% by the end of 2050 in comparison to their 2005 level of emission. Social responsibility and ethical operations forms the fundamental part of Qantas business activities. Qantas understands its brands valuation and aims to protect it through robust social policies and processes. Qantas continues to prioritise its social responsibility by addressing unethical business practices such as corruption (Rupp et al., 2013). It continues to priorities the development of its business through rigorous anti-corruption framework. Qantas establishes a cross functional responsibilities by steering the executive group towards developing anti-corruption strategy and policy. Air china on the other hand, has consistently followed a high standard business ethics. At the same time it Air china endeavours to uphold its social image by contributing its resources towards building a fair and harmonious social atmosphere (Airchina.com. 2017). Air china have continued to progress with their campaign of combating corruption and promoting integrity by implementing work plan for building integrity culture and develops an educational network based on integrity culture. Relevant issues such as customers services, corporate culture, operational safety, lower carbon emission, energy efficiency and reduction in emission. Air china further works towards addressing community development through public welfare activities and investors communications. With sustainable development in the background, Air china encourages its participation of stakeholders under the principles of practicality along with completeness to identify the issues. This consists of the identification of relevant issues, confirmation of the practical issues, approval of reporting content and reviewing procedures. This allows Air China to monitor responsibility and strengthen the accountability mechanism upon anti-corruption (Korschun et al., 2014). This allows air china to push forward the prevention and control function of their social integrity by strengthening the construction of their integrity monitoring mechanism. The various types of the differences related to the corporate social responsibilities of Air China and Qantas have been shown below as follows: In case of Qantas the various types of the corporate social responsibilities has been seen in terms of the support for corporate social responsibility, which includes working with an alliance towards a membership with Supplier Ethical Data Exchange (SEDEX). It has been further seen that the various types of the audit report, which are being shared on this platform, are directly related to the areas of concern for maintenance of labour standards, health, safety, and maintenance of integrity in the business. The main social responsibility has been seen with extensive assessment of the onsite audits, which are conducted in the workplace. Since 2009, the company has been committed in maintaining highest form of efficiency of fuel usage and improving the same to 5%. This has been observed to a considerable sector for the area related to the overall development on terms of the corporate social responsibility. It has been further stated that the various types of the factors related to the variables affecting the fuel efficiency has been seen to be accelerated in terms of increasing the existing fuel efficiency and reducing the carbon emissions in compared to other airlines (Investor.qantas.com. 2017). The corporate social responsibility of Air China has been seen in form of the release of the state owned supervision of the assets and the administration commission of the state council. The notice related to the acceptability of the CSR has been seen in form of the guidelines stated by Shanghai Stock Exchange. The various types of the CSR strategy development has been further seen with the usage of the positive engagement with the stakeholders in areas related to operation, safety, service, talent and environment (Airchina.com.cn. 2017). On 23rd April 2014, the company introduced environmental protection related to public interest, which was done under the theme of walking for a better health and for the protection of the environment. The program consisted of 100 employees and more than 160 volunteers took part in the same. In another instance, Air China was known to introduce the intelligent policy for recycling of plastic bottles. In this initiative, it has been observed that the employees can place the empty bottle after receiving of RMB0.5-1.5 credit in the mobile apps of the respective users. It is also regarded as the first central state-owned company to respond to the Beijing Municipal Governments call (Airchina.com.cn. 2017). Quality of social accounting approach The notion that that the corporations should be held responsible for their social presentation has progressively turned acceptable over the last five years. According to Jacobson et al., (2014), a considerable amount of debate has been raised regarding the process adopted by the companies to address the social responsibility and what constitutes their finest practice in social accounting. Vital principles concerning the fundamental philosophies of best practice is that companies, which are socially responsible, must engage themselves with their stakeholders and generate the social report, which is an account of their social performance. According to the Zadek et al. 1997 theory, social accounting undertaken by Qantas for management control purpose is designed to support and facilitate the achievement of the companys own objectives. Such responsibilities include assessment of risk, management of stakeholders, preconisation of social responsibility, maintenance of public relations and efficiencies. Air china on the other hand, has undertaken the responsibility of accountability, democratic and sustainability purpose, which is designed to support and facilitate society in pursuit of its objectives. Such reporting covers the rights of the stakeholders, balancing power with responsibility empowerment of stakeholders by promoting transparency and openness demonstrating the social and environmental cost of economic success. Whilst there shall be often be overlap between these two companies as neither of the company is simply homogeneous since they possess differences in fundamental approach. The management control perspective of Qantas put the organisation first and typically it focuses on society first hardly makes any assumption regarding the organisation. Air china stakeholders engagement is essential towards sustainable development. According to the Zadek theory, air china has channelized its resources to promote dialog with the stakeholders. The overall social responsibility of air china lays down the impact of decisions in the economy in terms of both environmentally and socially (Fooks et al., 2013). Air china evaluates and monitor the progress of the companys response towards stakeholders demands and its efforts to create comprehensive values against the set of pre-established performance indicators. This helps in identifying the problems and challenges within the prescribed time to continuously improve the accountability management system of Air china. The extent of social report reporting the stated values of Qantas and Air China: Social responsibility has several benefits for the organisations regardless of the industry in which it operates. These benefits consist of enhancing the brand image, promoting customer loyalty and increased ability to retain employees. The idea of social responsibility is contently evolving (Zheng et al., 2014). Amongst the most highly recognised changes is increased involvement of stakeholder, creation of business ethics and code of conduct to promote financial transparency. Social responsibility of Qantas plays an important and progressive role domestically in Australia across the overseas global network. Qantas continues to challenge the notion by promoting customer loyalty and satisfaction forming a vital part of their business. Qantas promotes environmental leadership by working together with their customers and communities by becoming the first airline company in the world to introduce a voluntary carbon offsetting programme. Furthermore, Qantas does not generate any revenue from such programmes and uses the funds obtained to purchase verified carbon offsets with yearly contribution of more than 1.2 million. Qantas promotes social responsibility through risk control based on the supplier, industry and location (Doh et al., 2013). It also sets up a network concerning ethics and compliance throughout the wide range of business sectors in order to share knowledge and initiatives. Following the consultation with their key stakeholders, it periodically revises the code of conduct and ethics serving in the form of compliance guide for the managers. Air china manages social responsibility by developing opportunity and maintaining communications through positive engagement with its stakeholders. Air china not only faces social responsibility directly but also utilises the social demand in order to explore bigger market to realise continuous sustainable growth. Air china pays special attentions to co-operate with their industry peers in order to attain a rational allocation by realising the general values for the entire industry (Goetsch Davis, 2014). On the other hand, suppliers forms the key part of air china values chain by strengthening the management of suppliers responsibility. The company also anticipates its suppliers to follow the practices of common principles. This can help in establishing closer co-operations with the company, which may ultimately assist them in raising developmental abilities. In addition to this, air china also implements the green purchases towards environmental protection forming an essential conditions in air chinas supplier choice. The company also ensures to strengthen its safety management in order to improve the quality of the companys operational safety (Fooks et al., 2013). Air china promotes the application of its safety management, which focuses on the introduction of new safety measures along with the control of critical risk through management of safety emergency. Conclusion: Upon conclusion, it is found that Air China fulfils the responsibility to its customers and endeavours to improve the quality of the service throughout the entire process. The report also provides that the company focus on seamless service by laying down clear guidelines to improve the customer experience. Air china significantly fulfilled its responsibility towards sustainability by reducing its dependence on fuel and striving towards energy conservation. The company has earnestly fulfilled its social responsibility by being thoughtful to its social and communal development. It was also found that air china is focuses on energy conservation by implementing improved fuel efficiency and lower noise level. On the other hand, Qantas reported to prioritise its social responsibility by dealing with unprincipled business practices such as corruption. The study further provides that it continue to priorities the expansion of its trade by adopting rigorous anti-corruption framework. Qantas launched a cross functional responsibilities by navigating the executive group towards developing anti-corruption strategy and policy. To conclude with social responsibility for both the company is directed towards building harmonious and spirited team in order to stimulate their pride in their profession. This in turn helps in promoting prosperous growth for both the companies. Reference list: Airchina.com.cn. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.airchina.com.cn/en/images/en/investor_relations/csr/2015/08/27/B2B27B4F4034CA5FF7C6899C32FC1240.pdf [Accessed 11 Jan. 2017]. Airchina.com.cn. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.airchina.com.cn/en/images/en/investor_relations/csr/2013/11/27/012EEFF4ACA84E26C830A3B923132C00.pdf [Accessed 11 Jan. 2017]. Arnold, D. G., Goodpaster, K. E., Weaver, G. R. (2015). Past Trends and Future Directions in Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibility Scholarship.Business Ethics Quarterly,25(04), v-xv. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I., Serafeim, G. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.Strategic Management Journal,35(1), 1-23. Chin, M. K., Hambrick, D. C., Trevio, L. K. (2013). Political ideologies of CEOs the influence of executives values on corporate social responsibility.Administrative Science Quarterly,58(2), 197-232. Doh, J., Husted, B., Yang, X. (2013). Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Developing Country Multinationals.Business Ethics Quarterly,23(04), 638-639. Fooks, G., Gilmore, A., Collin, J., Holden, C., Lee, K. (2013). The limits of corporate social responsibility: techniques of neutralization, stakeholder management and political CSR.Journal of Business Ethics,112(2), 283-299. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Grosser, K., Moon, J., Freeman, R. E., Nelson, J. (2014). Special Issue on: Gender, Business Ethics, and Corporate Social Responsibility.Business Ethics Quarterly,24(02), 303-306. Investor.qantas.com. (2017). [online] Available at: https://investor.qantas.com/FormBuilder/_Resource/_module/doLLG5ufYkCyEPjF1tpgyw/file/annual-reports/qantas_annual_review_2015.pdf [Accessed 11 Jan. 2017]. Jacobson, K. J., Hood, J. N., Van Buren, H. J. (2014). Beyond (But Including) the CEO: Diffusing Corporate Social Responsibility throughout the Organization through Social Networks.Business and Society Review,119(3), 337-358. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C. B., Swain, S. D. (2014). Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), 20-37. Laczniak, G. R., Murphy, P. E. (2014). The relationship between marketing ethics and corporate social responsibility: Serving stakeholders and the common good.Handbook of research on marketing and corporate social responsibility. Murphy, P. E., Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and corporate social irresponsibility: Introduction to a special topic section.Journal of Business Research,66(10), 1807-1813. Rupp, D. E., Wright, P. M., Aryee, S., Luo, Y. (2015). Organizational justice, behavioral ethics, and corporate social responsibility: Finally the three shall merge.Management and Organization Review,11(01), 15-24. Schrempf-Stirling, J., Palazzo, G., Phillips, R. (2015). Historic corporate social responsibility.Academy of Management Review, amr-2014. Zheng, Q., Luo, Y., Wang, S. L. (2014). Moral degradation, business ethics, and corporate social responsibility in a transitional economy.Journal of business ethics,120(3), 405-421. Ian Washingtonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00076259529512443417noreply@blogger.com0